TIM截图20181109111218.jpg
配置R1 R2 R3各个接口ip
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IP address 10.0.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]QU
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]qu
[R1]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.12.1/24 down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 10.0.1.1/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.12.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 10.0.2.2/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]qu
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]qu
[R3]interface LoopBack 3
[R3-LoopBack3]ip address 172.16.0.1 24
[R3-LoopBack3]qu
[R3]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 10.0.3.3/24 up up(s)
LoopBack3 172.16.0.1/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
开启ospf
在R1上面开启ospf
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
在R2上面开启ospf
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
在R2上面开启ospf
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255
在R1上面查看邻居关系
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.3.3 Full
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.2.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
在R2上面测试ospf路由
[R2-ospf-1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 13 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.13.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R2-ospf-1]ping 10.0.12.2
PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
--- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
[R2-ospf-1]ping 10.0.3.3
PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms
--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/30 ms
修改 OSPF hello 和 dead 时间参数
查看接口默认的hello dead 时间
[R1]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.12.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/1)
Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.0.12.1
Backup Designated Router: 10.0.12.2
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
将GigabitEthernet0/0/1 的OSPF hello和dead时间分别修改为15秒和60秒。
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 15
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer dead 60
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.12.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/1)
Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.0.12.1
Backup Designated Router: 10.0.12.2
Timers: Hello 15 , Dead 60 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
修改hello dead时间后，端口接口由于时间配置不同将无法同步信息，导致其无法创建邻居关系，请对端接口的时间也进行更改。
OSPF 缺省路由发布
在R3上添加默认路由，并发布到ospf中
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 LoopBack 3
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
在R2中查看是否有默认路由出现
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 14 Routes : 14
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.13.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
控制 OSPF DR/BDR 的选举
查看R1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0接口角色
[R1]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.13.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.0.13.1
Backup Designated Router: 10.0.13.2
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
查看R3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0接口角色
[R3]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3
Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.13.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost: 1 State: BDR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.0.13.1
Backup Designated Router: 10.0.13.2
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
2个接口的ospf权重为1，根据router id来判断DR BDR角色，由于R1的值router id更小，R1的接口为DR
更改R1的ospf权重值
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 100
更改R3的ospf权重值
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 200
默认情况下，DR/BDR的选举采用的是非抢占模式。路由器优先级修改后，不会自动重新选举DR。因此，需要重置R1和R3间的OSPF邻居关系。
先关闭然后再打开R1和R3上的Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0接口，重置R1和R3间的OSPF邻居关系。
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
查看DR BDR
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.13.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost: 1 State: BDR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 100
Designated Router: 10.0.13.2
Backup Designated Router: 10.0.13.1
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3
Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.13.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 200
Designated Router: 10.0.13.2
Backup Designated Router: 10.0.13.1
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1