Gradle学习

Gradle
Gradle是一个工具，同时它也是一个编程框架。前面也提到过，使用这个工具可以完成app的编译打包等工作。当然你也可以用它干其他的事情。

相关
Gradle的官网：http://gradle.org/
https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/
https://docs.gradle.org/current/javadoc/org/gradle/api/Project.html

settings.gradle
settings.gradle除了可以include外，还可以设置一些函数。这些函数会在gradle构建整个工程任务的时候执行，所以，可以在settings做一些初始化的工作。比如：我的settings.gradle的内容：

//定义一个名为initMinshengGradleEnvironment的函数。该函数内部完成一些初始化操作//比如创建特定的目录，设置特定的参数等
def initMinshengGradleEnvironment(){
 println"initialize Minsheng Gradle Environment ....."
 ......//干一些special的私活....
  println"initialize Minsheng Gradle Environment completes..."
 }
 //settings.gradle加载的时候，会执行initMinshengGradleEnvironment
 initMinshengGradleEnvironment()
 //include也是一个函数：
 include 'CPosSystemSdk' , 'CPosDeviceSdk' , 'CPosSdkDemo','CPosDeviceServerApk','CPosSystemSdkWizarPosImpl'

gradle命令介绍

gradle projects查看工程信息
gradle tasks查看任务信息
gradle task-name执行任务
列出了好多任务，这时候就可以通过 gradle 任务名来执行某个任务。这和make xxx很像。比如：
gradle clean是执行清理任务，和make clean类似。
gradle properites用来查看所有属性信息。
gradle tasks会列出每个任务的描述，通过描述，我们大概能知道这些任务是干什么的.....。然后gradle task-name执行它就好。
这里要强调一点：Task和Task之间往往是有关系的，这就是所谓的依赖关系。比如，assemble task就依赖其他task先执行，assemble才能完成最终的输出。

Gradle基本类型

gradle基于groovy, gradle提供的基本类型也都实现了script.并且提供了大量的方法和属性

Build script -> Project (每个project的build.gradle也就是一个project)
Init script -> Gradle
Settings script -> Settings (对应setting.gradle)

Project 每个project的build.gradle都会转换成一个project
Gradle
Settings 每一个settings.gradle都会转换成一个Settings对象

Gradle 生命周期

1.初始化创建Settings实例
2.解析settings.gradle 构造各个Project实例
3.解析每个Project对应的build.gradle，配置相应Project

即 setting.gradle -> 各个build.gradle

Paste_Image.png

Paste_Image.png

上面第一张图是settings.gradle的配置
第二张是执行assemble 打印出来的执行顺序，也就是说settings.gradle先执行
然后是root.gradle (也就是我们根目录下的gradle) 接下来就是按照settings.gradle配置顺序进行执行～

每个对象的方法就不再赘述，api中都有。

实战

root gradle

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    }
}

allprojects {//对所有projects都起作用
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

ext {//定义所有project公用参数  使用rootProject.ext.XX就能拿到相应对象
    compileSdk = 23
    minSdk = 11
    targetSdk = 23
    support = "23.1.1"
    buildTools = "23.0.2"
    glide = "3.6.0"
    okio = "1.4.0"
    okhttp = "2.4.0"
    fabric = "2.4.0"
    leakcanary = "1.3.1"
    logansquare = "1.1.0"
    dagger = "2.0.1"
    packageName = "com.evilsoulm.keep_nice"
    butterknife = "7.0.1"
    retrofit = "2.0.0-beta2"
    greendao = "2.0.0"
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

commonandroid.gradle android项目共用gradle 相当于基类可以通过apply from 引入

   android {
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdk
    buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildTools

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdk
        targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdk
    }

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
    }
    dexOptions {
        javaMaxHeapSize "2048m"
    }

    dexOptions {
        preDexLibraries project.hasProperty('debug')
        incremental project.hasProperty('debug')
    }

    packagingOptions {
        exclude '.readme'
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/dependencies'
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/dependencies.txt'
    }
}

commonproject.gradle project项目共用gradle

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}
apply plugin: 'findbugs'
apply plugin: 'checkstyle'

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
apply from: rootProject.file('basegradle/commonProject.gradle')//引入commonProject
apply from: rootProject.file('basegradle/commonAndroid.gradle')//引入commonAndroid

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
    }
}

android {
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId rootProject.ext.packageName
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }

    buildTypes {
        debug {
            minifyEnabled false
            debuggable true
            jniDebuggable true
        }

        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            shrinkResources false

            debuggable false
            jniDebuggable false
            zipAlignEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

    configurations {
        all*.exclude group: 'com.google.android', module: 'android'
        all*.exclude group: 'com.google.android', module: 'support-v4'
        all*.exclude group: 'asm', module: 'asm'
        all*.exclude group: 'com.google.code.gson'
    }


    productFlavors {//很棒的一个参数可以在底下更改包名，资源等。。
        normal {

        }

        ddebug {
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile project(':common')
    compile project(':model')
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:' + rootProject.ext.support
    compile 'com.android.support:design:' + rootProject.ext.support
    compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:' + rootProject.ext.okio
    compile('com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:' + rootProject.ext.okhttp) {
        exclude group: 'com.squareup.okio', module: 'okio'
    }
    //图片加载
    compile 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:' + rootProject.ext.glide
    //leakcanary
    debugCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:' + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
    releaseCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:' + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
    //logansquare
    apt 'com.bluelinelabs:logansquare-compiler:' + rootProject.ext.logansquare
    compile 'com.bluelinelabs:logansquare:' + rootProject.ext.logansquare
    //dagger2 注入
    apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:' + rootProject.ext.dagger
    compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:' + rootProject.ext.dagger
    //UI注入
    compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:' + rootProject.ext.butterknife
    //rxjava
    compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.0.10'
    compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0'
    //网络框架
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:' + rootProject.ext.retrofit
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:' + rootProject.ext.retrofit
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:adapter-rxjava:' + rootProject.ext.retrofit

}

写法2

另一种写法就是只有一个root.build 通过configure进行每个module的配置 ,每个module下的build.gradle就可以删除了～统一在root.build下进行管理
eg.只写了一个module

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

ext {
    compileSdk = 23
    minSdk = 11
    targetSdk = 23
    support = "23.1.1"
    buildTools = "23.0.2"
    glide = "3.6.0"
    okio = "1.4.0"
    okhttp = "2.4.0"
    fabric = "2.4.0"
    leakcanary = "1.3.1"
    logansquare = "1.1.0"
    dagger = "2.0.1"
    packageName = "com.evilsoulm.keep_nice"
    butterknife = "7.0.1"
    retrofit = "2.0.0-beta2"
    greendao = "2.0.0"
}

configure(project(':app').subprojects) {//相当于放在app下的build.gradle
    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
    apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
    apply from: rootProject.file('basegradle/commonProject.gradle')
    apply from: rootProject.file('basegradle/commonAndroid.gradle')

    buildscript {
        repositories {
            mavenCentral()
        }

        dependencies {
            classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
        }
    }

    android {
        defaultConfig {
            applicationId rootProject.ext.packageName
            versionCode 1
            versionName "1.0"
        }

        buildTypes {
            debug {
                minifyEnabled false
                debuggable true
                jniDebuggable true
            }

            release {
                minifyEnabled true
                shrinkResources false

                debuggable false
                jniDebuggable false
                zipAlignEnabled true
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
        }

        configurations {
            all*.exclude group: 'com.google.android', module: 'android'
            all*.exclude group: 'com.google.android', module: 'support-v4'
            all*.exclude group: 'asm', module: 'asm'
            all*.exclude group: 'com.google.code.gson'
        }


        productFlavors {
            normal {

            }

            ddebug {
            }
        }
    }

    dependencies {
        compile project(':common')
        compile project(':model')
        compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
        compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:' + rootProject.ext.support
        compile 'com.android.support:design:' + rootProject.ext.support
        compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:' + rootProject.ext.okio
        compile('com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:' + rootProject.ext.okhttp) {
            exclude group: 'com.squareup.okio', module: 'okio'
        }
        //图片加载
        compile 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:' + rootProject.ext.glide
        //leakcanary
        debugCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:' + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
        releaseCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:' + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
        //logansquare
        apt 'com.bluelinelabs:logansquare-compiler:' + rootProject.ext.logansquare
        compile 'com.bluelinelabs:logansquare:' + rootProject.ext.logansquare
        //dagger2 注入
        apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:' + rootProject.ext.dagger
        compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:' + rootProject.ext.dagger
        //UI注入
        compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:' + rootProject.ext.butterknife
        //rxjava
        compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.0.10'
        compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0'
        //网络框架
        compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:' + rootProject.ext.retrofit
        compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:' + rootProject.ext.retrofit
        compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:adapter-rxjava:' + rootProject.ext.retrofit
    }
}

属性

如果是单个脚本，则不需要考虑属性的跨脚本传播，但是Gradle往往包含不止一个build.gradle文件，比如我设置的utils.gradle，settings.gradle。如何在多个脚本中设置属性呢？
Gradle提供了一种名为extra property的方法。extra property是额外属性的意思，在第一次定义该属性的时候需要通过ext前缀来标示它是一个额外的属性。定义好之后，后面的存取就不需要ext前缀了。ext属性支持Project和Gradle对象。即Project和Gradle对象都可以设置ext属性

在上面的例子中其实我们已经用到了ext来定义一些常亮，eg:packageName,compileversion等
现在结合groovy相关知识,再重构下上面的gradle配置.

定义一个const.gradle用来管理我们的常亮和各个库所依赖的库.

ext {
    android_const = [
            compileSdk : 23,
            minSdk     : 11,
            targetSdk  : 23,
            support    : "23.1.1",
            buildTools : "23.0.2",
            packageName: "com.evilsoulm.keep_nice"
    ]

    dep_const = [
            glide      : "3.6.0",
            okio       : "1.4.0",
            okhttp     : "2.4.0",
            fabric     : "2.4.0",
            leakcanary : "1.3.1",
            logansquare: "1.1.0",
            dagger     : "2.0.1",
            butterknife: "7.0.1",
            retrofit   : "2.0.0-beta2",
            greendao   : "2.0.0"
    ]

    app_dep = [
            "appcompat-v7"      : 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:' + android_const.support,
            "design"            : 'com.android.support:design:' + android_const.support,
            "okio"              : 'com.squareup.okio:okio:' + dep_const.okio,
            "okhttp"            : 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:' + dep_const.okhttp,
            "glide"             : 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:' + dep_const.glide,
            "debug_leakcanary"  : 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:' + dep_const.leakcanary,
            "release_leakcanary": 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:' + dep_const.leakcanary,
            "glide"             : 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:' + dep_const.glide,
            "apt_logansquare"   : 'com.bluelinelabs:logansquare-compiler:' + dep_const.logansquare,
            "logansquare"       : 'com.bluelinelabs:logansquare:' + dep_const.logansquare,
            "apt_dagger"        : 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:' + dep_const.dagger,
            "dagger"            : 'com.google.dagger:dagger:' + dep_const.dagger,
            "butterknife"       : 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:' + dep_const.butterknife,
            "rxjava"            : 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.0.10',
            "rxandroid"         : 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0',
            "retrofit"          : 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:' + dep_const.retrofit,
            "converter-gson"    : 'com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:' + dep_const.retrofit,
            "adapter-rxjava"    : 'com.squareup.retrofit:adapter-rxjava:' + dep_const.retrofit
    ]

    model_generator_dep = [
            "greendao-generator": 'de.greenrobot:greendao-generator:' + dep_const.greendao
    ]

    model_dep = [
            "greendao": 'de.greenrobot:greendao:' + dep_const.greendao,
            "android" : 'com.google.android:android:4.1.1.4'
    ]

}

根目录的build.gradle

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
apply from: "basegradle/const.gradle" //引入const.gradle 有点继承的感觉 也就是现在rootProject也就拥有const.gradle里的方法和变量

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

使用
//老的版本

apply plugin: 'java'

dependencies {
    compile 'de.greenrobot:greendao:' + rootProject.ext.greendao
    compile(group: 'com.google.android', name: 'android', version: '4.1.1.4')
}

改造后简单清楚

apply plugin: 'java'

dependencies {
    compile rootProject.ext.model_dep.greendao
    compile rootProject.ext.model_dep.android
}

查看依赖树

gradle dependencies

task helloShortCut << {
    println 'short cut'
}

//打印0道9
task count << {
    10.times { print("$it ") }
}

task intro(dependsOn: helloShortCut) << {
    print "i am gradle"
}

//动态task
10.times {
    time ->
        task "task$time" << {
            println " i am task number $time"
        }
}

task8.dependsOn task1, task2, task3, task4

task hello << {
    println 'Hello Earth'
}
hello.doFirst {
    println 'Hello Venus'
}
hello.doLast {
    println 'Hello Mars'
}
hello << {
    println 'Hello Jupiter'
}

task loadFile << {
    def files = file('../antLoadfileResources').listFiles().sort();
    files.each {
        File file ->
            if (file.isFile()) {

            }
    }
}
gradle.taskGraph.whenReady {taskGraph ->
    if (taskGraph.hasTask("assembleSpeedCompilation")) {
        println '_____________________________assembleSpeedCompilationDebug'
    } else {
        println '_____________________________--不包含'
    }
}

//显示依赖包的存储路径task
 showRemoteDependencies << {  
  configurations.compile.each { println it 
  }}

demo->github

其他gradle:
Android 开发必备知识：我和 Gradle 有个约会
深入理解Android（一）：Gradle详解
Gradle脚本基础全攻略
Speeding up Gradle builds
Android应用开发编译框架流程与IDE及Gradle概要
深入理解Android之Gradle
Android Plugin DSL Reference

Gradle学习

gradle命令介绍

Gradle基本类型

Gradle 生命周期

实战

写法2

属性

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