第1章 CentOS 7.1静默安装11.2.0.3 64位单机数据库软件
1.1 安装前的准备工作
1.1.1 软件准备
1.1.2 检查硬件
注意这里的内存应该满足要求，不然可能引起数据库在安装过程中长时间的挂起等待。。。。
在正式安装开始前，请先检查你的软硬件条件是否满足安装需要。
硬件上可以使用命令查看内存情况和 CPU 特性：
more /proc/meminfo
more /proc/cpuinfo
其中内存的要求是不低于 1G
下面的不是必须的，可选使用
cat /etc/redhat-release
#df –k /dev/shm 检查共享内存
#df –k /tmp 检查临时磁盘空间
#more /proc/version 检查操作系统版本
#uname –r 检查内核版本
内存：
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
交换空间
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
磁盘空间
# df -ah
# free
#free -m
1.1.3 修改hosts文件、修改主机名
永久生效：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname COSLHR
或修改文件/etc/hostname：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname
COSLHR
临时生效：
[root@localhost ~]# hostname COSLHR
查看/etc/hosts文件中必须包含a fully qualified name for the server，必须包含127.0.0.1和真实的IP地址这2行：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.59.155 COSLHR
注意将主机名对应到真实IP地址，否则Oracle有可能将监听程序仅仅建立在127.0.0.1上。
注意：修改主机名后，需要重启系统后生效。
1.1.3.1 配置固定IP
DEVICE=ens33
IPADDR=192.168.59.51
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.59.0
BROADCAST=192.168.59.255
GATEWAY=192.168.59.2
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=static
#HWADDR=00:0c:29:97:f1:5b
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
DNS1=202.96.209.5
DNS2=8.8.8.8
NAME="ens33"
1.1.4 安装软件包检查
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2133603/
可以统一检查：
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
如果部分包不存在，可以批量更新安装，但如果依赖关系缺失，可能需要多执行两遍或者手工调整，所以建议使用yum进行安装：
package compat-libstdc++-33 is not installed
package elfutils-libelf-devel is not installed
package gcc-c++ is not installed
package libaio-devel is not installed
package libstdc++-devel is not installed
package pdksh is not installed
package unixODBC is not installed
package unixODBC-devel is not installed
依次安装如下的包：
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y pdksh
yum install -y unixODBC
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
安装完成后再次检查是否还有没有安装的包。
注意：其中的pdksh包可以忽略。
1.1.5 内核参数--shell限制
1.1.5.1 /etc/security/limits.conf
设置Shell Limits
在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中加入下列行：
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
为安装用户设置资源限制
要改善 Linux 系统上的软件性能，必须对 Oracle 软件所有者用户（grid、oracle）增加以下资源限制：
Shell 限制 limits.conf 中的条目 硬限制
打开文件描述符的最大数 nofile 65536
可用于单个用户的最大进程数 nproc 16384
进程堆栈段的最大大小 stack 10240
1.1.5.2 /etc/pam.d/login
在/etc/pam.d/login文件中加入下列行，如果里面没有的话：
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
1.1.5.3 /etc/profile
对默认的 shell 启动文件进行以下更改，以便更改所有 Oracle 安装所有者的 ulimit 设置：
在/etc/profile后加入以下语句:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 16384
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 16384
fi
fi
1.1.5.4 /etc/sysctl.conf
Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
生效
# /sbin/sysctl -p
参数的含义：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2147273/
1.1.6 关闭防火墙
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#
1.1.7 禁用selinux
修改/etc/selinux/config
编辑文本中的SELINUX=enforcing为SELINUX=disabled
[root@OCPLHR ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@OCPLHR ~]# more /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@OCPLHR ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
SELinux status: disabled
[root@OCPLHR ~]# getenforce
Disabled
临时关闭（不用重启机器）：setenforce 0
查看SELinux状态：
1、/usr/sbin/sestatus -v ##如果SELinux status参数为enabled即为开启状态
SELinux status: enabled
2、getenforce ##也可以用这个命令检查
1.2 新建用户和组
The Oracle Inventory group (oinstall) 数据库安装组
The OSDBA group (dba) 数据库管理员组
The Oracle software owner (oracle) 管理员用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
passwd oracle
-m 表示为用户oracle 新建一个根目录
-g 表示为用户指定一个主group
-G 表示为用户指定一个副group
这样oracle既属于oinstall组也属于dba组。
平时主要是oinstall组发生作用。
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh
1.2.1 配置用户的环境变量
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export EDITOR=vi
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORACLE_PATH=.:$ORACLE_BASE/dba_scripts/sql:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" --AL32UTF8 SELECT userenv('LANGUAGE') db_NLS_LANG FROM DUAL;
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
alias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'
#export PS1="[\u@\h-\`echo \$ORACLE_SID\` \W]$ "
#export PS1='[$LOGNAME@'`hostname`:'$PWD'']# '
1.3 新建安装目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
1.4 准备oracle安装文件
1.4.1 拷贝安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /soft
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /soft
可以直接拷贝，也可以用SecureFX、XFTP软件等方式拷贝到/soft目录下：
1.4.1.1 计算MD5值
安装文件MD5
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zipbd bf 8e 26 36 63 21 4d c6 0b 0f de f5 a3 0b 0a
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zipe5 6b 3d 9c 6b c5 4b 77 17 e1 4b 6c 54 9c ef 9e
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip69 5c ba d7 44 75 22 39 c7 64 87 e3 24 f7 b1 ab
[root@OCPLHR soft]# md5sum p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
bdbf8e263663214dc60b0fdef5a30b0a p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@OCPLHR soft]# md5sum p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
e56b3d9c6bc54b7717e14b6c549cef9e p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[root@OCPLHR soft]#
[root@OCPLHR soft]#
[root@OCPLHR soft]# md5sum p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
695cbad744752239c76487e324f7b1ab p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
D:\Users\xiaomaimiao>certutil -hashfile "G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip" MD5
MD5 哈希(文件 G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip):
bd bf 8e 26 36 63 21 4d c6 0b 0f de f5 a3 0b 0a
CertUtil: -hashfile 命令成功完成。
D:\Users\xiaomaimiao>certutil -hashfile "G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip" MD5
MD5 哈希(文件 G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip):
e5 6b 3d 9c 6b c5 4b 77 17 e1 4b 6c 54 9c ef 9e
CertUtil: -hashfile 命令成功完成。
D:\Users\xiaomaimiao>certutil -hashfile "G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip" MD5
MD5 哈希(文件 G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip):
69 5c ba d7 44 75 22 39 c7 64 87 e3 24 f7 b1 ab
CertUtil: -hashfile 命令成功完成。
1.4.2 解压安装文件
[root@OCPLHR soft]# ll
total 3401656
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[root@OCPLHR soft]# chmod 777 *
[root@OCPLHR soft]# ll
total 3401656
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
解压oracle安装文件包：如果不想输出信息，则可以加上 “> /dev/null 2>&1”，-d表示解压到的目录：
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -d /tmp > /dev/null 2>&1 && unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip -d /tmp > /dev/null 2>&1
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1 && unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1
切换到oracle用户，图形界面登录，执行oracle安装文件
[root@OCPLHR soft]# su - oracle
[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cd /soft/
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ ll
total 3401656
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ ll
total 3401664
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1 && unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ ll
total 3401664
drwxr-xr-x 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 database
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ du -sh database
2.5G database
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ cd database/
[oracle@OCPLHR database]$ ll
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 19 2011 doc
drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 28122 Sep 22 2011 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 response
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 3226 Sep 22 2011 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 stage
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5466 Aug 23 2011 welcome.html
1.5 开始静默安装
可以只执行一条命令即可安装完成数据库软件的部署：
/soft/database/runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -IgnoreSysPreReqs -ignorePrereq -showProgress \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en \
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 \
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false \
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false \
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE \
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Wed Feb 7 08:48:45 PST 2018 on pts/3
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /soft/
[oracle@localhost soft]$ ll
total 2442048
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 database
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 13 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[oracle@localhost soft]$ cd database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ll
total 52
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 18 2011 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 install
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 28122 Sep 22 2011 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 58 Sep 22 2011 response
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 33 Sep 22 2011 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 3226 Sep 22 2011 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 28 Sep 22 2011 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 stage
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 5466 Aug 22 2011 welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$ /soft/database/runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -IgnoreSysPreReqs -ignorePrereq -showProgress \
> oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
> DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true \
> UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
> INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
> SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en \
> ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 \
> ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
> oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
> oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false \
> oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
> oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba \
> oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false \
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE \
> SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
> oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 91506 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 1586 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-02-07_08-58-36AM. Please wait ...[oracle@localhost database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2018-02-07_08-58-36AM.log
Prepare in progress.
.................................................. 9% Done.
Prepare successful.
Copy files in progress.
.................................................. 14% Done.
.................................................. 20% Done.
.................................................. 26% Done.
.................................................. 31% Done.
.................................................. 36% Done.
.................................................. 44% Done.
.................................................. 49% Done.
.................................................. 55% Done.
.................................................. 63% Done.
.................................................. 68% Done.
.................................................. 73% Done.
.................................................. 78% Done.
.................................................. 83% Done.
..............................
Copy files successful.
Link binaries in progress.
..........
Link binaries successful.
Setup files in progress.
.................................................. 88% Done.
.................................................. 94% Done.
Setup files successful.
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2018-02-07_08-58-36AM.log' for more details.
Execute Root Scripts in progress.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
.................................................. 100% Done.
Execute Root Scripts successful.
Successfully Setup Software.
[oracle@localhost database]$
[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2018-02-07_09-10-23.log for the output of root script
[root@localhost ~]#