网络配置

rhel/Centos中常用的网络管理命令：

设置ip基本信息相关配置文件

5，6版本:system-config-network(setup)

          配置文件位置：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[0-n]

7版本：nmcil nmtui(图形界面)

          配置文件位置：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-en*****

 ifcfg-eth0,ifcfg-en******网络配置文件信息

TYPE=Ethernet       #接口类型为以太网卡

BOOTPROTO=none   #获取地址协议dhcp(自动获取)，static(手动配置)，none

HWADDR=00:0C:29:75:A1:89  #网卡MAC

UUID=be9d332f-ae79-42b6-8040-d2d431e4e195 #网卡标识

#DEVICE=eno16777736  #7系列的网卡名称

DEVICE=eth0           #5,6系列的网卡名

ONBOOT=yes          #开机自动激活网卡，no不激活

IPADDR=10.76.249.91

GATEWAY=10.76.249.2

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DNS=8.8.4.4

配置IP地址

 临时添加IP地址,重启后失效

ip addr add  192.168.1.150/24 dev eth0

或者

# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.150/24 up   #重启后会失效，第一张网卡为eth0，第二张为eth1依此类推

# ifconfig   

eth0     1.1 Link  encap:Ethernet  HWaddr  00:0C:29:75:A1:89 

          inet  addr:192.168.1.150   Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr:  fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a189/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:5682  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:4136  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0  txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:412252  (402.5 KiB)  TX bytes:4464715 (4.2 MiB)

配置默认路由

# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

#default  via 192.168.1.1 devinterface

 

网卡相关状态查看

1.查看IP

# ip addr show

1: lo: mtu 65536 disc noqueue state  UNKNOWN

    link/loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host  lo

       valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: 1UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc  pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 200:0c:29:e1:c5:8a  brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 310.76.249.91/24  brd 10.76.249.255 scope global eno16777736

       valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

    inet6  fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

1：网卡状态已经启动

2：网卡的mac地址

3：网卡”eno16777736”地址

或者

# ifconfig

eth0      Link  encap:Ethernet  HWaddr  00:0C:29:75:A1:89 

          inet  addr:192.168.1.150   Bcast:192.168.1.255   Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr:  fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a189/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:6386  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:4436  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0  txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:467110  (456.1 KiB)  TX bytes:4502451 (4.2 MiB)

 

lo        Link encap:Local  Loopback 

          inet  addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128  Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK  RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1

          RX packets:66  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:66  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0  txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:3482 (3.4  KiB)  TX bytes:3482 (3.4 KiB)

或者

# nmcli dev show eth0

GENERAL.设备:                           eth0

GENERAL.类型:                           ethernet

GENERAL.硬盘:                           00:0C:29:E1:C5:8A

GENERAL.MTU:                            1500

GENERAL.状态:                           100 (连接的)

GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     eno16777736

GENERAL.CON-PATH:                        /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1

WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器:                  开

IP4.地址[1]:                            10.76.249.91/24

IP4.网关:                               10.76.249.2

IP6.地址[1]:                             fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64

IP6.网关:                              


2.查看收发包状态

# ip -s link show eth0

2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc  pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether  00:0c:29:75:a1:89 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    RX: bytes  packets   errors  dropped overrun  mcast  

    477844     6528      0       0       0        0     

    TX: bytes  packets   errors  dropped carrier collsns

4508951    4492     0        0       0       0     

或者

# ifconfig –s eth0

Iface   MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg

eth0       1500   0      6459      0      0       0     4455      0       0      0 BMRU

 

3.显示显示主机默认路由

         

#ip route

default via 10.76.249.2 dev eth0   proto static  metric 100

10.76.249.0/24 dev eth0  proto  kernel  scope link  src 10.76.249.91  metric 100

 4.显示连接状态

常用到的选项

 ss和netstat使用方法相似，但是ss效率要比较高，消耗性能比较少。

选项

功能

-l

监听状态的连接

-n

不解析服务名以数字显示

-t

显示TCP连接

-u

显示UDP连接

-a

显示所有状态

-p

显示以哪个进程发起的连接

常用的组合

-tan,-tanl, -tanlp, -uan

几种状态信息

 State: LISTEN（监听），ESTAB(已建立的链接)


# ss  -tna

State       Recv-Q Send-Q                       Local Address:Port 本地端口                          Peer Address:Port 客户端端口

LISTEN      0       128                                      :::22                                     :::*    

LISTEN      0       128                                      *:22                                       *:*    

LISTEN      0       128                               127.0.0.1:6010                                    *:*    

LISTEN      0       128                                     ::1:6010                                   :::*    

LISTEN      0       128                               127.0.0.1:6011                                    *:*    

LISTEN      0       128                                     ::1:6011                                   :::*    

LISTEN      0       128                               127.0.0.1:6012                                    *:*    

LISTEN      0       128                                     ::1:6012                                   :::*    

LISTEN      0       128                              127.0.0.1:6013                                    *:*    

LISTEN      0       128                                     ::1:6013                                   :::*    

ESTAB       0       0                             192.168.1.106:22                          192.168.1.103:63167

ESTAB       0       0                             192.168.1.150:22                          192.168.1.103:63753  

ESTAB       0       52                            192.168.1.150:22                          192.168.1.103:54953  

ESTAB       0       0                             192.168.1.106:22                          192.168.1.103:63134

 

 

Centos/Redhat 7系列回归传统网卡命名

  1. 修改网卡文件内容

# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg- eno16777736

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

NAME=eno16777736

UUID=be9d332f-ae79-42b6-8040-d2d431e4e195

#DEVICE=eno16777736   #注释掉原来的命名

DEVICE=eth0           #传统命名

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.76.249.91

GATEWAY=10.76.249.2

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

 

  1. 重命名网卡文件

# mv  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

  1. 编辑/etc/default/grub配置文件

# vim /etc/default/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"

#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root  rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"  #修改前

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0  rhgb quiet"  #修改后

GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

  1. 为grub2生成其配置文件

 

# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

Generating grub configuration file ...

Found linux p_w_picpath: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

Found initrd p_w_picpath: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img

Found linux p_w_picpath:  /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-16de415bcbd643d886010c2fe954d9cb

Found initrd p_w_picpath:  /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-16de415bcbd643d886010c2fe954d9cb.img

done

 

  1. 重启系统

  2. 验证结果

 

# ip addr show eth0

2: eth0:   mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP  qlen 1000

    link/ether  00:0c:29:e1:c5:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet  10.76.249.91/24 brd 10.76.249.255 scope global eth0

        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6  fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64 scope link

        valid_lft forever preferred_lft  forever

nmcli

nmcli：网络管理命令行接口：NetworkManagerCommand-Line Interface

nmtui：网络管理文本用户接口：NetworkManager Text-User Interface

RHEL7之后的网络配置命令

 

[root@localhost conf.d]# nmcli --help

Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

 

OPTIONS

  -t[erse]                                   terse  output

  -p[retty]                                  pretty  output

  -m[ode]  tabular|multiline                   output mode

  -f[ields]  |all|common    specify fields to output

  -e[scape] yes|no                           escape columns  separators in values

  -n[ocheck]                                 don't check  nmcli and NetworkManager versions

  -a[sk]                                     ask for  missing parameters

  -w[ait]                           set timeout waiting  for finishing operations

  -v[ersion]                                 show program  version

  -h[elp]                                    print this help

 

OBJECT

  g[eneral]       NetworkManager's general status and  operations

  n[etworking]    overall networking control

  r[adio]         NetworkManager radio switches

  c[onnection]    NetworkManager's connections   简写为c

  d[evice]        devices managed by NetworkManager 简写为d

  a[gent]         NetworkManager secret agent or  polkit agent

 

重新加载网络配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c reload

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c load/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

配置IP地址

 

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con mod eno16777736 ipv4.addresses '192.168.1.119/24'

                                 网卡名使用查看# nmcli con show

配置DNS

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli  con  mod  eno16777736  ipv4.dns  '8.8.4.4'

配置网关

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli  con  mod  eno16777736   ipv4.gateway  '192.168.1.1'

 

停启用网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev dis eth0

                         dis 为 disconnect 

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con up  eth0

 

查看相关信息

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status

DEVICE  TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION 

eth0    ethernet  connected   eno16777736

lo      loopback  unmanaged  --        

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nmtui 图形配置界面比较简洁

[root@localhost ~]# nmtui

linux常用的网络管理命令_第1张图片