Ⅰ. board 英[bɔːd] 美[bɔrd]
（v）board---boarded---boarded
1. [I,T]formalto get on a bus, plane, train etc in order to travel somewhere登上〔公共汽车、飞机、火车等〕
•The couple boarded the train for New York. 夫妻俩登上了开往纽约的列车。
2.be boarding
if a plane or ship is boarding, passengers are getting onto it正在登机；正在上船
•Olympic Airways Flight 172 to Istanbul is now boarding at Gate No. 37. 奥林匹克航空公司前往伊斯坦布尔的172次航班正在37号登机口登机。
3.[I always + adv/prep]to stay in a room in someone’s house that you pay for〔在某人家里〕寄宿
•Several students boarded with Mrs. Smith. 有几名学生寄宿在史密斯夫人家里。
REGISTER 语体
在日常英语中，人们一般说get on a bus, plane等，而不说board
•When she heard the news, shegot onthe next plane for Chicago. 她听到消息后立即就赶了下一班飞机去了芝加哥。
PHRVB 短语动词
board sth
1.to pay money and arrange for an animal to stay somewhere寄养〔动物〕
2.用木板封住〔门窗〕•The shop was boarded up. 这家商店用木板封起来了。
Ⅱ. descend 英[dɪ'send] 美[dɪ'sɛnd]
(v) descend---descended---descended
1.[I,T]formalto move from a higher level to a lower one下来，下降
[+ to/from/into etc]
•The path continues for some way before descending to Garsdale Head. 小径延伸了一段距离后，向下通往加斯代尔角。
2.[I]literaryif darkness, silence, a feeling etc descends, it becomes dark etc or you start to feel something, especially suddenly〔黑暗、寂静等突然〕降临；〔感情等突然〕袭来，来临
[+ on/upon/over]
•Total silence descended on the room. 房间里突然一片寂静。
3.in descending order (of sth)按（某事物的）降序排列〔按照从高到低或从重要到次要的顺序排列〕
•The hotels are listed in descending order of price. 这些宾馆按价格从高到低列出。
REGISTER 语体
在日常英语中,人们一般说 go down 或 come down ,而不说 descend
•I heard his footstepscoming downthe stairs. 我听到他下楼的脚步声。
PHRVB 短语动词
descend fromsb/sthphr v
1.be descended from sbto be related to a person or group who lived a long time ago为某人的后裔
•The people here are descended from the Vikings. 这里的人是维京人的后裔。
2.to have developed from something that existed in the past从〔过去的东西〕发展而来[传下来]
•ideas that descend from those of ancient philosophers 传承自古代哲学家的观点
descend on/uponsb/sthphr v
1.〔许多人〕突然造访〔尤指不太受欢迎的情况下〕
•Millions of tourists descend on the area every year. 每年有数百万游客来到这个地区。
descend tosthphr v
1.自降身份到…，下作到…
•Surely he wouldn’t descend to such a mean trick? 想必他不会无耻到使用这种卑劣的诡计吧？
descend to sb’s level
•Other people may gossip, but don’t descend to their level.降低到某人的层次,别人可能会说闲话，别跟他们学。
Ⅲ. overwhelm 英[əʊvə'welm] 美[,ovɚ'wɛlm]
(v) overwhelm---overwhelmed---overwhelmed
1.if someone is overwhelmed by an emotion, they feel it so strongly that they cannot think clearly〔感情上〕使〔某人〕感到不能自持，使不知所措
be overwhelmed by sth
•Harriet was overwhelmed by a feeling of homesickness. 哈丽雅特心中充满思乡之情，不能自已。
be overwhelmed with sth
•The children were overwhelmed with excitement. 孩子们激动万分。
2.if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with〔问题等〕使无法解决，使应接不暇，压垮
be overwhelmed by sth
•We were overwhelmed by the number of applications. 申请多得让我们应接不暇。
overwhelm sb with sth
•They would be overwhelmed with paperwork. 大量的文书工作将使他们疲于应付。
3.to surprise someone very much, so that they do not know how to react使〔某人〕非常惊讶
be overwhelmed by sth
•We were overwhelmed by the sheer size of the place. 那地方超大的面积让我们非常惊讶。
4.to defeat an army completely彻底击败，击溃〔军队〕
•In 1532 the Spaniards finally overwhelmed the armies of Peru. 1532年，西班牙人最终打垮了秘鲁军队。
5.literaryif water overwhelms an area of land, it covers it completely and suddenly突然淹没〔某地〕
Ⅳ. perish 英['perɪʃ] 美['pɛrɪʃ]
(v) perish----perished----perished
1.[I]formal or literaryto die, especially in a terrible or sudden way死亡〔尤指惨死或猝死〕
•Hundreds perished when the ship went down. 轮船沉没，数百人罹难。
2.[I,T]if rubber or leather perishes, it decays（使）〔橡胶或皮革〕腐坏，老化
3. perish the thought!但愿…不会成真
•If we lose, perish the thought, Watford will take first place. 如果我们输了，但愿这不会成为事实，沃特福德就会拿第一了。
Ⅴ. reverberate 英[rɪ'vɜːbəreɪt] 美[rɪ'vɝbə'ret]
(v) reverberate--reverberated--reverberated
1.if a loud sound reverberates, it is heard many times as it is sent back from different surfaces〔声音〕回荡，回响
[+ through/around etc]
•The bang reverberated through the house. 砰的一声响彻整栋房子。
2.if a room, building etc reverberates, it seems to shake because of a loud sound〔房间、建筑物等因巨响而〕震荡
[+ with] •The room reverberated with laughter. 房间里笑声回荡。
3.if an event, action, or idea reverberates, it has a strong effect over a wide area and for a long time〔事件、活动或思想〕产生广泛而长久的影响
[+ through/around etc]
•The events of 9/11 will reverberate through history. “九一一”事件将在历史过程中产生持续影响。
Ⅵ. shroud 英[ʃraʊd] 美[ʃraʊd]
(n) 1.a cloth that is wrapped around a dead person’s body before it is buried寿衣，裹尸布
2.literarysomething that hides or covers something遮蔽物，覆盖物
•The fog rolled in, and a grey shroud covered the city. 大雾滚滚而来，一张灰色的天幕笼罩着这个城市。
[+ of]
•A shroud of silence surrounded the general’s death. 将军的去世让周围一片死寂。
(v) [T usually in passive 一般用被动态] shroud--shrouded--shrouded
1.to cover or hide something覆盖；遮蔽；隐藏
be shrouded in sth
•The cliff was shrouded in mist. 峭壁被薄雾笼罩。
2.o keep information secret so that people do not know what really happened隐瞒，将…保密
be shrouded in sth
•The incident has always beenshrouded in mystery. 这一事件始终蒙着神秘的色彩。
Ⅶ. strike 英[straɪk] 美[straɪk]
(v) strike---struck---struck
1.[T]writtento hit or fall against the surface of something打，击，撞
•She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat. 她重重地摔倒，头撞在船舷上。
2.〔用手或武器〕打，击
strike sth with sth
•The victim had been struck with some kind of wooden implement. 受害人遭到某种木器的击打。
3.[T not in progressive,不用进行式]if something strikes you, you think of it, notice it, or realize that it is important, interesting, true etc突然出现〔在脑子里〕，突然被意识到[想到]
•The first thing that struck me was the fact that there were no other women present. 我首先意识到没有其他女性到场。
it strikes sb that
•It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries. 她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不用担心的一件事。
be struck by sth
•You can’t help being struck by her kindness. 你禁不住要为她的善良而感动。
4.strike sb as (being) sth给某人以某种印象
•His jokes didn’t strike Jack as being very funny. 他的笑话并没让杰克觉得很好笑。
it strikes sb as strange/odd etc that
•It struck me as odd that the man didn’t introduce himself before he spoke. 我感到很奇怪，那个男人在讲话之前竟然不作自我介绍。
5.罢工
[+ for]
•They’re striking for the right to have their trade union recognized in law. 他们正在罢工争取让他们的工会在法律上得到承认。
6.[I]to attack someone, especially suddenly猛然攻击，突然袭击
•The killer might strike again. 凶手可能会再次作案。
7.[I,T]to damage or harm someone or something伤害；危害
[+ at] •The law would strike at the most basic of civil rights. 这项法令会侵犯最基本的公民权利。
strike a blow at/against/to sth
•The scandal seemed to have struck a mortal blow to the government’s chances of re-election. 这桩丑闻似乎已给政府连任的希望造成致命的打击。
8.[I,T]if something bad strikes, it suddenly happens or suddenly begins to affect someone突然发生〔某种不幸〕；突然对（某人）有坏的影响
9.strike a bargain/deal达成协议/交易
•There are rumors that the president struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman. 有传言称总裁和公司董事长已经私下里达成协议。
10.strike a happy/cheerful/cautious etc note表达出高兴/振奋/谨慎等的感情[态度]
•The article struck a conciliatory note. 那篇文章表达了和解的姿态。
11.strike a chord 引起共鸣，打动
[+ with]•Their story is bound to strike a chord with all parents. 他们的故事一定会引起所有父母的共鸣。
15.strike gold发大财，暴富
•Jackie eventually struck gold with her third novel. 杰姬终于靠她的第三本小说发了大财。
16.strike a blow for sb/sth维护某人/某事物
•It’s time we struck a blow for women’s rights. 我们该起来维护妇女权利了。
18.be within striking distance〔某地〕近在咫尺
•By now, they were within striking distance of the shore. 现在他们离海岸很近了。
to be very close to achieving something 非常靠近 〔某物〕；即将实现〔某目标〕
•The French team are within striking distance of the world record. 法国队离世界纪录只有咫尺之遥。
19.strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁，把握时机行事
Ⅷ. stumble 英['stʌmb(ə)l] 美['stʌmbl]
(v) stumble---stumbled---stumbled
1.to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall绊脚，绊跌，绊了一下
[+ over/on] •Vic stumbled over the step as he came in. 维克进来时在台阶上绊了一下。
2.to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall蹒跚而行，踉跄
[+ in/out/across etc] •He stumbled upstairs and into bed. 他踉踉跄跄地走上楼，一头倒在床上。
3.to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking〔朗读或说话时〕结巴，说错
[+ over/at/through]
•I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words. 希望我说那些长单词不会结结巴巴。
stumble on/across/uponsthphr v
to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly 偶然发现[碰见]
•Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson’s disease. 研究人员偶然发现了一种或可治疗帕金森病的药物。
(n) 绊倒；蹒跚而行