关于DRA的官方描述：
The simplest way to diagnose and repair database problems is to use the Data Recovery Advisor. This Oracle Database tool provides an infrastructure for diagnosing persistent data failures, presenting repair options to the user, and automatically executing repairs.
下面我们来做一个小实验来实际体会下DRA的便利性：
- rman登录到目标数据库
- 我们这里模拟丢失了一个数据文件
- 观察DRA是如何恢复数据库的
1.rman登录到目标数据库
[oracle@JY-DB BACKUP]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 5 11:15:12 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JYZHAO (DBID=2463175424, not open)
RMAN> LIST FAILURE;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
no failures found that match specification可以看到目前数据库没有找到需要恢复的匹配项。
2.我们这里模拟丢失了一个数据文件
#2.1 正常关库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
#2.2 删除数据文件+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.259.886871319
#直接删除数据文件会报错
ASMCMD> rm DBS_D_JINGYU.259.886871319
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15028: ASM file '+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/DBS_D_JINGYU.259.886871319' not dropped; currently being accessed (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
#数据库关闭后删除成功
ASMCMD> rm DBS_D_JINGYU.259.886871319
ASMCMD>
#2.3 尝试打开数据库报错
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1620115456 bytes
Fixed Size 2253704 bytes
Variable Size 905972856 bytes
Database Buffers 704643072 bytes
Redo Buffers 7245824 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 15 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 15: '+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.259.886871319'3.观察DRA是如何恢复数据库的
3.1 LIST FAILURE;
RMAN> LIST FAILURE;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
4042 HIGH OPEN 05-AUG-15 One or more non-system datafiles are missing3.2 ADVISE FAILURE;
RMAN> ADVISE FAILURE;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
4042 HIGH OPEN 05-AUG-15 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file +DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.259.886871319 was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
2. Try flush redo using ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO 'standby name' command. Then perform a Data Guard role change (failover). Available standbys: jyzhao_s.
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 Restore and recover datafile 15
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/jyzhao/jyzhao/hm/reco_4099084102.hm3.3 REPAIR FAILURE;
RMAN> REPAIR FAILURE;
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/jyzhao/jyzhao/hm/reco_4099084102.hm
contents of repair script:
# restore and recover datafile
restore datafile 15;
recover datafile 15;
sql 'alter database datafile 15 online';
Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? yes
executing repair script
Starting restore at 05-AUG-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00015 to +DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.259.886871319
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch/JYZHAO/backupset/2015_08_05/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150805T102730_bw2x4m1l_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch/JYZHAO/backupset/2015_08_05/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150805T102730_bw2x4m1l_.bkp tag=TAG20150805T102730
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 05-AUG-15
Starting recover at 05-AUG-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 05-AUG-15
sql statement: alter database datafile 15 online
repair failure complete
Do you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)? yes
database opened
RMAN> 到此，使用DRA自动恢复完毕并成功打开数据库。