- FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS TARGETED BY OPEN APIs
OPEN API所涵盖的金融功能
At the core of Open Banking are technical specifications, known as APIs (application programming interfaces), which allow financial systems to seamlessly yet securely share access to data and process transactions across parties.
开放银行的核心是技术规范，即API（应用程序编程接口），它允许金融系统无缝地、安全地共享数据访问和在多方之间处理交易。
By promoting openly-published API specifications, Open Banking generates the types of innovation possible through collaboration across a variety of enterprises.
通过推广公开发布的API规范，开放银行通过各种企业之间的协作产生了创新可能的模式。
Expect whole ecosystems of interoperable applications, and even online marketplaces, to emerge.
期待出现，可互操作的应用程序、甚至是其在线市场的整个生态系统。
（注：这里Expect 修饰的宾语是 不定式to emerge，还原句子Expect to emerge that whole ecosystems of interoperable applications and even online marketplaces.）
Account information access and payment initiation are the leading functions for which banks are developing APIs for consumers, prompted by the most well-known Open Banking regulation, the EU’s revised Payment Services Directive.
银行为消费者开发API的主要功能是账户信息访问和支付发起，这是由最着名的开放银行指令 - 欧盟修订的支付服务指令（PSD）- 推广的。
In 2018, BBVA became the first major European bank to partially implement PSD2 by opening up eight of its core banking APIs in Spain.
2018年，BBVA通过在西班牙开放八项核心银行业务API，成为第一家部分实施PSD2的欧洲大行。
Other opportunities exist to apply the principles of open API standards to other financial services.
还有将开放API标准的原则应用于其他金融服务的机会存在。
Amir Nooriala, COO of OakNorth, a progressive commercial bank, notes that “In lending, APIs are alreadyin use for credit checks. This easily can be expanded to cover larger loans on simple products, as well as automate repayments.”
一家进步的商业银行OakNorth的首席运营官Amir Nooriala注意到，“在贷款中，API已经用于信用检查。这可以很容易地被扩展应用在简单产品上的大量贷款，以及自动偿还场景。”。
Investment management, trading, and FX are still-emerging segments, being a focus for major banks that target corporate customers.
投资管理，交易和外汇仍然是新兴的细分市场，是针对企业客户的大行的焦点。
Examples of API successes:
API成功案例：
Yolt, owned by ING, is the first third-party provider to successfully complete API connections under the new Open Banking regulation, partnering with nine major high street banks in the UK.
ING旗下的Yolt是第一家通过新的开放银行法规成功完成API连接的第三方提供商，与英国九大高街银行合作。
（高街银行：Barclays、Lloyds Bank、Santander、HSBC、Co-operative Bank、Halifax、TSB Bank 、Natwest、Nationwide、RBS，指遍布在欧洲主要商业街上的银行，这类银行主要以零售为主）
Hamburg-based Deposit Solutions has built a platform that allows banks to offer attractive third-party deposit products through their own customers’ existing accounts.
总部位于汉堡的Deposit Solutions建立了一个平台，允许银行通过自己客户的现有账户提供具有吸引力的第三方存款产品。
Thus, banks can expand their offerings without building new retail distribution channels or setting up shop in new geographies.
因此，银行可以扩展其产品，而无需建立新的零售分销渠道或在新的地区开设网点。
They have mediated over EUR 9 Bn in deposits to date.
到目前为止，他们撮合了超过90亿欧元的存款。
Spiir is a Danish startup that received an investment of EUR 3.25 Mn from Danske Bank for their new Nordic API Gateway platform.
Spiir是一家丹麦初创公司，从Danske Bank获得了325万欧元的投资，用于其新的Nordic API Gateway平台。
Note: The infographic is based on LendIt’s review of 42 major banks’ Open Banking developer websites across Europe, the Americas, and RoW.
注：该图基于朗迪对欧洲、美洲和世界其它地区的42家大行的开放银行开发者网站的浏览。
The percentages represent the fraction of banks developing or supporting APIs in a particular financial function.
百分比表示在特定金融职能中开发或支持API的银行比例。