Django 环境搭建

安装 Django

先安装 PIP，再通过 PIP 安装 Django

安装 PIP

cd /data;

mkdir tmp;

cd tmp;

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py;

python ./get-pip.py;

使用 PIP，安装 Django

pip install Django==1.11.7

安装 Mysql

安装并启动 mariadb

因为 CentOS 7 之后的版本都不在提供 Mysql 安装源，这里我们使用 mariadb 代替 mysql，依次执行下列命令

yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y

yum install MySQL-python -y

systemctl start mariadb

对 mariadb 进行初始化设置

执行下面命令，根据提示操作

设置新密码为 test

默认密码为空，直接回车即可

mysql_secure_installation

使用设置的密码登陆 mariadb

登陆 db，这里假设密码被设置为 test

mysql -uroot -ptest

创建一个数据库

create database mysite;

成功后，输入 exit 命令退出 db

exit

创建 Django 项目

创建 mysite 项目

在 /data/ 目录下，创建一个名为 mysite 的 Django 项目

cd /data/

django-admin startproject mysite

修改配置文件，与 Mysql 数据库相关联

备注：SECRET_KEY 配置项无需修改

编辑 /data/mysite/mysite/settings.py

示例代码：/data/mysite/mysite/settings.py

"""

Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.7.

For more information on this file, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/

"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production

# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!

SECRET_KEY = 'm4@g1=hz^08y(9d)v5l!8^*0wbla=oe15s@u8@5^pw=llfz48%'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!

DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

]

MIDDLEWARE = [

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': [],

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'

# Database

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME': 'mysite',

        'PASSWORD':'test',

        'USER': 'root',

        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',

        'PORT':'3306',

    }

}

# Password validation

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',

    },

]

# Internationalization

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

创建 Django 数据库

cd /data/mysite

python manage.py migrate

启动 Django

python manage.py runserver

如果没有报错，就说明 Django 已经安装成功了，并且跟 Mysql 的连接正常

退出 Django

按 ctrl+c 退出 Django 服务

安装 Nginx

通过 yum 安装 Nginx

yum install nginx -y

启动 Nginx 服务

systemctl start nginx

访问下面的链接，可以看到 nginx 的欢迎界面

http://<您的 CVM IP 地址>/

安装 uwsgi

任务时间：5min ~ 10min

使用 yum 命令安装 uwsgi

yum install uwsgi uwsgi-plugin-python -y

让 Nginx，uwsgi，Django 协同工作

修改 Nginx 配置文件

编辑 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

示例代码：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# For more information on configuration, see:

#  * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/

#  * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;

worker_processes auto;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {

    worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;

    tcp_nopush          on;

    tcp_nodelay        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include            /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.

    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include

    # for more information.

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {

        listen      80 default_server;

        listen      [::]:80 default_server;

        server_name  _;

        root        /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {

            include uwsgi_params;

            uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;

        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;

            location = /40x.html {

        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

            location = /50x.html {

        }

    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.

#

#    server {

#        listen      443 ssl http2 default_server;

#        listen      [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;

#        server_name  _;

#        root        /usr/share/nginx/html;

#

#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";

#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";

#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;

#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;

#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

#

#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.

#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

#

#        location / {

#        }

#

#        error_page 404 /404.html;

#            location = /40x.html {

#        }

#

#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

#            location = /50x.html {

#        }

#    }

}

重启 Nginx

/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload

创建 uwsgi 配置文件

请在 /data/mysite 目录下创建 uwsgi.ini，参考下面的内容。

示例代码：/data/mysite/uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]

socket = 127.0.0.1:8000

chdir = /data/mysite

wsgi-file = mysite/wsgi.py

processes = 4

threads = 2

stats = 127.0.0.1:9191

uid = nobody

gid = nobody

master = true

harakiri = 30

daemonize = /data/mysite/uwsgi.log

plugins = python

启动 uwsgi

uwsgi uwsgi.ini

测试

访问链接 http://<您的  IP 地址>/ 

如果可以看到 Django 的界面，恭喜你，环境搭建成功