前面我们有讲到Oracle 11G DataGuard的搭建,10G的搭建也是大同小异.不过Oracle 10G不支持Standby open

环境:

角色 主机名 IP 数据库版本 操作系统版本
Primary fdb1 192.168.10.8 10.2.0.1 CentOS 5.11 x86_64
Standby fdb2 192.168.10.9 10.2.0.1 CentOS 5.11 x86_64

在fdb1的/etc/hosts中加入(fdb1)

127.0.0.1 fdb1
192.168.10.9    fdb2

在fdb2的/etc/hosts中加入(fdb2)

127.0.0.1 fdb2
192.168.10.8    fdb1

创建必要的目录(fdb1,fdb2)

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/fengdb/{a,b,c,u}dump
mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb -p
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/dbackup
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog

查看当前的redo组(fdb1)

select group#,member from v$logfile;
//增加standby日志组
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby04.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby05.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby06.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby07.log') size 50m;


创建原始参数文件用于备份(fdb1)

create pfile='/tmp/fengdb.pfile.ori' from spfile;


修改相关参数用于DataGuard环境，注意此处与Oracle 11G不同(fdb1)

alter system set db_unique_name=fdb1 scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(fdb1,fdb2)' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)  db_unique_name=fdb1' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'service=fdb2 async  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)  db_unique_name=fdb2' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest='' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_server=fdb2 scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=fdb1 scope=spfile;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;

注意：与Oracle 11G不同的地方有:

alter system set log_archive_dest='' scope=spfile;

否则可能出现ORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST or LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST

以及上面都是直接修改spfile的，不修改当前运行中的参数

scope=spfile

执行上面的语句其实就是改了下面的一些参数

*.db_unique_name='fdb1'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(fdb1,fdb2)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)  db_unique_name=fdb1'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=fdb2 async  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)  db_unique_name=fdb2'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.fal_client='fdb1'

*.fal_server='fdb2'

*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.log_archive_dest=''


重启数据库以使数据库生效(fdb1)

shutdown  immediate
startup

 

修改监听(fdb1)

vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

fdb1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fdb1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = fdb1)
    )
  )

fdb2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fdb2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = fdb2)
    )
  )


RMAN备份(fdb1)

rman target /
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/fengdb_%T_%s_%p' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/archive_log_%T_%s_%p' archivelog all;
backup spfile format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/spfile_%u_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
}
copy current controlfile for standby to '/opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl';


将备份及监听文件和密码文件全部复制到fdb2上（fdb1）

scp -r /opt/oracle/dbackup/* fdb2:/opt/oracle/dbackup

scp -r $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/* fdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/

scp -r $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/* fdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/


在fdb2上执行如下对数据库进行恢复(fdb2)

RMAN> startup nomount;

RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/tmp/fengdb.pfile' from '/opt/oracle/dbackup/spfile_rmrioont_20161019.bak';

RMAN> shutdown immediate;

然后修改/etc/fengdb.pfile成如下的红色部分

*.db_unique_name='fdb2'

*.fal_client='fdb2'

*.fal_server='fdb1'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(fdb2,fdb1)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)  db_unique_name=fdb2'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=fdb1 async  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)  db_unique_name=fdb1'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'


备库复制控制文件(fdb2)

cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/control01.ctl

cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/control02.ctl

cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/control03.ctl


启动至mount状态进行数据的恢复

RMAN> startup mount;
RMAN> restore database;

启动备库应用日志

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

创建参数文件

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/fengdb.pfile';

注意:Oracle 10G与11G的区别:

10G备库只能启动到mount状态，而11G可以启动到open read only.


检查日志是否同步(fdb1,fdb2)

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

也可以试着切换下日志

//切换日志
alter system switch logfile;
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;


在主库：(fdb1)

select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2= enable;


查询角色(fdb1,fdb2)

select open_mode,database_role from v$database;


如果在备库上

SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

no rows selected

而且监听都是正常的，则有可能就是密码没复制过来

保持主库密码和备库密码一致

复制密码文件(fdb1)

scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID fdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID



Oracle 10G主备切换

db1---primary/db2---standby   ===》db2--primary/db1--standby


[oracle@fdb1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop

(fdb1)SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

(fdb1)SQL> shutdown immediate;

(fdb1)SQL> startup mount;

(fdb1)SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

//在执行这条的时候，如果出现

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01665: control file is not a standby control file

则是没有执行alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;


若出现ORA-38500: USING CURRENT LOGFILE option not available without stand

这种情况出现在主备切换之后，备再切换回主的情况下出现

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/redo03.log

/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdbredo02.log

/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/redo01.log

增加standby flog即可

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby04.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby05.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby06.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby07.log') size 50m;



[oracle@fdb1 ~]$ lsnrctl start


(fdb2)SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

注意：

若出现ORA-16139: media recovery required，执行如下语句:

SQL> ALTER  DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY  DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;


如果出现,则可能是已打开了会话,加上with session shutdown强制关闭绘画

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01093: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE only permitted with no sessions connected


SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

(fdb2)SQL> shutdown immediate;

(fdb2)SQL> startup;