day 8 单词总结
1.photovoltaic
of, relating to, or utilizing the generation of a voltage when radiant energy falls on the boundary between dissimilar substances (as two different semiconductors) 光发电
volt∙age电压；伏特数:
»high / low voltage 高/低压
3.solarpanel
• a piece of equipment on a roof that uses light and heat energy from the sunto produce hot water and electricity太阳能电池板
4.ma∙nure
• the waste matter from animals that is spread over or mixed with the soil tohelp plants and crops grow粪肥；肥料
5.bio∙gas
• gas, especiallymethane, that is produced by deadplants and that can be burned to produce heat 沼气(由死亡植物产生的甲烷等可燃气体)
6.back∙up
◙noun[U, C]
1. extra help or support that you can get if necessary增援；后援:
»The police had backup from the army.警方得到了军方的增援。
»a backup power supply备用电源
2.(computing计)a copy of a file, etc. that can be used if the original is lost or damaged (文件等的)备份:
»Always make a backup of your work.所有文件都须要备份。
»a backup copy备份文件
7.sub∙sidy
◙noun(pl.-ies)
•[C, U]money that is paid by a government or an organization to reducethe costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be keptlow补贴；补助金；津贴:
»agricultural subsidies农业补贴
8.pocket
V. to take or keep sth, especially an amount of money, that doesnot belong to you •攫取；揩油；中饱私囊:
»He regularly charges passengers more than the normal fare and pockets the difference. 他经常多收乘客票钱,把差额塞进自己的腰包。
3. to earn or win an amount of money 挣；赚下:
»Last year, she pocketed over $1 million in advertising contracts. 去年,她从广告合同中赚了100多万元。
9.anath∙ema
◙noun[U, C,usually sing.] (formal) a thing or an idea which you hate because it is the oppositeof what you believe•可憎的事物；可恶的想法:
»Racial prejudice is (an) anathema to me.对我来说,种族歧视非常可恶。
10.rev∙enue
◙noun[U] (alsorev∙enues[pl.]) the money that a government receives from taxes or that anorganization, etc. receives from its business 财政收入；税收收入；收益
»a shortfall in tax revenue 税收收入不足
11.in∙cum∙bent
◙noun
• a person who has an official position在职者；现任者:
»the present incumbent of the White House现任美国总统
◙adj.
1.[only before noun]having an official position在职的；现任的:
»the incumbent president现任总统
2.~ upon / on sb(formal) necessary as part of sb's duties有责任；必须履行:
»It was incumbent on them to attend.他们必须出席。
12.grid
.(especially BrE)a system of electric wires or pipes carrying gas, for sendingpower over a large area (输电线路、天然气管道等的)系统网络；输电网；煤气输送网:
»the national grid(= theelectricity supply in a country)
13.dis∙rup∙tive/dis5rQptiv/
◙adj.• causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally 引起混乱的；扰乱性的；破坏性的:
»She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class. 她搅扰了班上其他的学生。
14.ro∙bust
◙adj.
1. strong and healthy强健的；强壮的:
»She was almost 90, but still very robust. 她将近90岁了,但身体仍然十分强健。
2. strong; able to survive being used a lot and not likely to break 结实的；耐用的；坚固的
»a robust piece of equipment 经久耐用的设备
3. (of a system or an organization体制或机构) strong andnot likely to fail or become weak 强劲的；富有活力的:
»robust economic growth 强劲的经济增长
4. strong and full of determination; showing that you are sure about what youare doing or saying
•坚定的；信心十足的
»It was a typically robust performance by the Foreign Secretary.
这是外交大臣典型的有信心的表现。
15.per∙en∙nial/pE5reniEl/
◙adj.
1. continuing for a very long time; happening again and again长久的；持续的；反复出现的:
»the perennial problem of water shortage 缺水这个老问题
16.re∙bate/5ri:beit/
◙noun
1. an amount of money that is paid back to you because you have paid too much •退还款:
»a tax rebate 退还税款
2. an amount of money that is taken away from the cost of sth, before you payfor it 回扣,返还(退还的部份货价)；折扣
【SYN】discount:
»Buyers are offered a cash rebate.购买者享受现金回扣。
glut/^lQt/
◙noun[usually sing.]
•~ (of sth)a situation in which there is more of sth than is needed orcan be used供应过剩；供过于求 【SYN】surfeit:
»a glut of cheap videos on the market市场上供过于求的廉价录像带
【OPP】shortage
◙verb
[usually passive]to supply or provide sth with too much of sth•超量供应；充斥:
»The market has been glutted with foreign cars.外国汽车充斥市场。
18.Stark
very different to sth in a way that is easy to see (指区别)明显的,鲜明的
【SYN】clear:
»stark difference 鲜明的区别
19.slump/slQmp/
◙verb[V]
1.~ (by sth)|~ (from sth) (to sth)to fall in price, value,number, etc., suddenly and by a large amount (价格、价值、数量等)骤降,猛跌,锐减
【SYN】drop:
»Sales have slumped this year.今年销售量锐减。
◙noun
1.~ (in sth)a sudden fall in sales, prices, the value of sth, etc.• (销售量、价格、价值等的)骤降,猛跌,锐减
【SYN】decline:
»a slump in profits利润锐减
2. a period when a country's economy or a business is doing very badly萧条期；衰退:
»the slump of the 1930s 20世纪30年代的大萧条
--› compareboomn. (1)
20.havoc/5hAvEk/
◙noun[U]
• a situation in which there is a lot of damage, destruction or confusion灾害；祸患；浩劫:
»The floods caused havoc throughout the area. 洪水给整个地区带来了灾害。
21.'write-off
◙noun
1.(BrE)a vehicle that has been so badly damaged in an accident that itis not worth spending money to repair it 报废车辆
2.[sing.](informal) a period of time during which you do notachieve anything
•无所作为的一段时间:
»With meetings and phone calls, yesterday was a complete write-off.
昨天都在开会和打电话,瞎忙了一天。
3.~ (of sth)(business商)an act of cancelling a debt and accepting that it will never bepaid
• (债项的)注销,销记
22.de∙regu∙late/7di:5re^juleit/
◙verb[VN]
•[often passive]to free a trade, a business activity, etc. from rules andcontrols 撤销对(贸易、商业活动等)的管制；解除控制
【SYN】decontrol:
»deregulated financial markets 放宽了管制的金融市场
regulator：监管部门
merit
◙noun
1.[U](formal) the quality of being good and ofdeserving praise, reward or admiration优点；美德；价值
»a work of outstanding artistic merit具有杰出艺术价值的作品
2.[C, usually pl.]a good feature that deserves praise, rewardor admiration•值得赞扬(或奖励、钦佩)的特点；功绩；长处
【SYN】strength:
»We willconsider each case on its (own) merits(= withoutconsidering any other issues, feelings, etc.).
我们将根据每件事情本身的情况来考虑。
24.inter∙mit∙tent/7intE5mitEnt; NAmE-tEr5m-/
◙adj.
• stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly断断续续的；间歇的
»intermittent bursts of applause一阵阵的掌声
25.dol∙drums/5dCldrEmz;NAmE5doul-/
◙noun[pl.](usually thedoldrums)
1. the state of feeling sad or depressed忧郁；郁闷；消沉；没精打采:
»He's beenin the doldrumsever since she left him.自从她离开他以来,他一直很消沉。
2. a lack of activity or improvement无生气；停滞；萧条:
»Despite these measures, the economy remainsin the doldrums.
尽管采取了这些措施,经济仍然停滞不前。
【ORIGIN】From the placein the ocean near the equator where there are sudden periods of calm. A sailingship caught in this area can be stuck there because of a lack of wind.
•源自近赤道海洋上的无风带,帆船到此因无风而无法航行。
26.con∙straint/kEn5streint/
◙noun
1.[C]~ (on sth)a thing thatlimits or restricts sth, or your freedom to do sth•限制；限定；约束
【SYN】restriction:
»financial / economic / legal /political constraints 财政/经济/法律/政治约束
--› note atlimit
2.[U]strict control over the way that you behave or are allowed tobehave•约束；严管:
»At last we could relax and talk without constraint. 我们终于可以放松下来,无拘无束地谈话了。
27.'cling to sth◘|7cling'on to sth
• to be unwilling to get rid of sth, or stop doing sth 不愿放弃；坚持:
»Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent. 在整个审判中,她都坚持相信他是清白的。
»She managed to cling on to life for another couple of years. 她顽强地又活了几年。
28.in∙su∙late/5insjuleit; NAmE-sEl-/
◙verb[VN]
1.~ sth (from / against sth)to protect sth with a material thatprevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through •使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘:
»Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy.
当局鼓励房主在住房加隔热装置以节约能源。
29.vi∙cious/5viFEs/
◙adj.
1. violent and cruel狂暴的；残酷的【SYN】brutal:
»a vicious attack 猛烈的攻击
2. (of animals动物) aggressiveand dangerous 凶猛危险的:
»a vicious dog 恶犬
3. (of an attack, criticism, etc.攻击、批评等) full ofhatred and anger •充满仇恨的；严厉的:
»She wrote me a vicious letter. 她给我写了一封严厉的信。
4. (informal) very bad or severe 恶劣的；严重的:
»a vicious headache 剧烈的头痛
»a vicious spiral of rising prices物价的恶性螺旋形上涨
30.fos∙ter/5fCstE(r);NAmE5fC:s-;5fB:s-/
◙verb
1.[VN]to encourage sth to develop促进；助长；培养；鼓励
【SYN】encourage,promote:
»The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community.
俱乐部的宗旨是促进团体内部的关系。
2.(especially BrE)to take another person's child into your home for a period oftime, without becoming his or her legal parents •代养,抚育,照料(他人子女一段时间):
▪ [VN]
»They have fostered over 60 children during the past ten years.
在过去十年间,他们抚育了60多个儿童。
▪ [V]
»We couldn't adopt a child, so we decided to foster.
我们不能领养孩子,所以决定代养一个。
31.deter/di5tE:(r)/
◙verb(-rr-)
•~ sb (from sth / from doing sth)to make sb decide not to do sth orcontinue doing sth, especially by making them understand the difficulties andunpleasant results of their actions制止；阻止；威慑；使不敢:
»I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred.我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
adj.deterrent
32.pene∙tra∙tion/7peni5treiFn/
◙noun[U]
1. the act or process of making a way into or through sth穿透；渗透；进入:
»the company's successful penetration of overseas markets
公司对海外市场的顺利开拓
expansion
33.man∙date
◙noun/5mAndeit/
1.~ (to do sth)|~ (for sth)the authority to do sth, given toa government or other organization by the people who vote for it in an election (政府或组织等经选举而获得的)授权:
»a mandate for an end to the civil war
停止内战的权力
2. the period of time for which a government is given power (政府的)任期:
»The presidential mandate is limited to ten terms of five years each. 总统的任期不得超过两届,每届四年。
◙verb/[often passive](formal)
1.(especially NAmE)to order sb to behave, do sth or vote in aparticular way 强制执行；委托办理:
»The law mandates that imported goods be identified as such.法律规定进口货物必须如实标明。
2.[VNtoinf] to give sb, especially a government or acommittee, the authority to do sth授权:
»The assembly was mandated to draft a constitution. 大会被授权起草一份章程。
34.buck
3.[VN](informal) to resist or oppose sth•抵制；反抗:
»One or two companies have managed tobuck the trendof the recession.有一两家公司顶住了经济滑坡的势头。
35.in∙cipi∙ent/in5sipiEnt/
◙adj.[usually before noun]
• (formal) just beginning 刚开始的；初始的；早期的:
»signs of incipient unrest 动乱的初期迹象
36.grum∙ble/5^rQmbl/
◙verb
1.~ (at / to sb) (about / at sb / sth)to complain about sb / sth in abad-tempered way 咕哝；嘟囔；发牢骚:
»She's always grumbling to me about how badly she's treated at work. 她总是向我抱怨她在工作中如何受亏待。
complain
▪ [Vthat]
»They kept grumbling that they were cold. 他们不停地嘟囔着说冷。
37.pre∙cipit∙ous
◙adj.(formal)
1. very steep, high and often dangerous•陡峭的；险峻的；峭拔的【SYN】sheer:
»precipitous cliffs 险峻的峭壁
2. sudden and great 突然的；骤然的；急剧的【SYN】abrupt:
»a precipitous decline in exports 出口的急剧下降
3. done very quickly, without enough thought or care 草率的；仓促的；贸然的 【SYN】hasty:
»a precipitous action 贸然行动
38.slash[often passive](often
used in newspapers常用于报章) to reduce sth by a large amount 大幅度削减；大大降低:
»toslash costs / prices / fares,etc. 大幅度降低成本、价格、车费等
39.lu∙cra∙tive/5lu:krEtiv/
◙adj.
• producing a large amount of money; making a large profit •赚大钱的；获利多的:
»alucrative business / contract / market 利润丰厚的生意/合同/市场
40.com·mod·i·tize
1.:commodify;specifically:torender (a good or service) widely available and interchangeable with oneprovided by another company
2.:to affect (as a brand or a market) by commoditizinggoods or services
commoditizeprices>使…商品化
41.bol∙ster/5bEulstE(r);NAmE5boul-/
◙verb[VN]
•~ sth (up)to improve sth or make it stronger改善；加强:
»tobolster sb's confidence /courage / morale增加某人的信心/勇气/士气
42.liken
'liken sth / sbto sth / sb(formal)
• to compare one thing or person to another and say they are similar把…比作…:
»Life is often likened to a journey.人们常把人生比作旅程。
43.up∙heav∙al/Qp5hi:vl/
◙noun[C, U]
• a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems剧变；激变；动乱；动荡
【SYN】disruption:
»a period of emotional upheaval 情绪波动很大的时期
44.telecom
tele·com·mu·ni·ca·tion 电信
1.:communication at a distance (asby telephone)
2.:technology that deals withtelecommunication — usually used in plural
45.ˌnib∙ble
◙verb
1.~ (at sth)to take small bites of sth, especially food小口咬,一点点地咬(食物):
»He nibbled her ear playfully.他开玩笑地轻咬着她的耳朵。
»She took some cake from the tray and nibbled at it.她从盘子里拿了块蛋糕慢慢地吃着。
2.[V]~ (at sth)to show aslight interest in an offer, idea, etc. (对…)略微表现出兴趣:
»He nibbled at the idea, but would not make a definite decision. 他对这个主意略感兴趣,但还不愿意作出明确决定。
◘nibble a'way at sth
• to take away small amounts of sth, so that the total amount is graduallyreduced慢慢地削弱；蚕食
»Inflation is nibbling away atspending power. 通货膨胀正在慢慢地减弱消费能力。
noun
1.[C]a small bite of sth 一小口
2. nibbles[pl.]small things to eat with a drink before a meal or at a party (餐前或聚会中的)点心,小吃
47.thermo∙stat
◙noun
• a device that measures and controls the temperature of a machine or room, byswitching the heating or cooling system on and off as necessary温度自动调节器；恒温器
Ther∙mos
◙noun
• a particular kind ofvacuum flask(=a container like a bottle with double walls with avacuumbetween them, used for keeping liquids hot or cold)•瑟姆斯保温瓶；真空瓶；冰瓶
49.fit∙ful/5fitfl/
◙adj.
• happening only for short periods; not continuous or regular 断断续续的；一阵阵的；间歇的:
»a fitful night's sleep 夜间时睡时醒
»to sleep fitfully睡睡醒醒
day 9 思维导图
day 10 总结 安妮讲解
现在已经晚上11点，还有1个小时不到就要截至时间了，然而我现在才开始写总结。晚上才全部听完安妮两小时的讲解，在ddl之前我也不知道能整理出来多少。。。
看到第一篇文章是经济学人，心情有点复杂，一方面终于是自己熟悉的文体了，另一方面也知道自己又要受到经济学人体的折磨——时不时冒出来的生词，俚语，复杂的句式，还有些时候单词都认识，连起来也看不懂。
第一遍看完大概用了半个多少小时吧，读完还是有点蒙蒙的。感觉和自己预期的不太一样啊。在我印象中，讲到新能源更多的应该是关于绿色、节能、环保、环境变化之类的关键词。这篇文章初读下来的感觉就是在讲市场竞争？新能源与传统能源的关系？用电的供求关系？但是他们之间的具体关系还真是理不清，道不明。
晚上把单词查完，果然远远超出了20个，没办法，词汇量的短板总是得慢慢补上啊~
第二天，从上午开始盼星星盼月亮等安妮老师的语音讲解，到了傍晚也没见安妮老师发，迎着头皮自己梳理了一下最终还是放弃了。作为弥补，作了新能源单词的思维导图。
今天听完音频，对安妮老师真的佩服的五体投地。一方面，安妮老师总是能够把文章看的很透，进过她的梳理，一条脉络就整理的罗列在你的面前；另一方面，在语言方面的讲解也十分到位，各种同义词、单词的来世今生、俚语俗语、句法也都信手拈来。
关于文章的结构，今天体会最深的是安妮老师讲的经济学人的逻辑十分严密，上下衔接没有丝毫漏风。之前对经济学人的文章的精读从没有做到如此深入，并不能完全赏析他的美吧。
对于这个内容，觉得文章的切入点还是很新颖又很有现实意义的，尤其是对我这样一个小白来说。就像之前说的，在人们的刻板印象中，新能源又环保又便宜，干嘛不用。我也从从来没有从市场经济或者投资的角度来质疑过其背后的真相。
这也让我想到了之前看的经济学人的一版讲的是克隆的历史变迁，也给自己好好上了一课。主要是自己一直停留在多利、转基因食品的阶段，虽然这个话题一直很热，却也没深入的了解其发展现状和理论。总之，在以后的学习中，我还是应该多问一些为什么。
安妮讲解
1.issue a Bond villain’s laugh
这里是指发出、产生，有点ironic，阴森森的
2.fund, finance
fund: provide money for free and don’t expect for additional profits
finance: providemoney to expect for a return
3.These places areblanketedwith blue photovoltaic (PV) solar panels.
N-V, cover sth with a blanket
4.In 2016 they pocketed about €6m ($7m) from subsidiesand selling their surplus electricity.
见第一天的单词
5.I have a point.
6.And the things (it is basedon—subsidies for investment, very little spending on fuel, and movingelectricity generation to the edge of, or off, the grid—) are anathema to electricity markets andbusiness models developed for the fossil-fuel age.
off the grid：消失不见。I’m off the grid.我躲起来、消失了。
有氧运动:aerobic exercise
7.It is also becoming a problemfor the renewables themselves, and thus
for the efforts to decarbonise the electricity supply that justified theirpromotion in the first place.
For是和becoming并列的，意思是是为了。。。
8.The fight against climatechange hasseenhuge growthinthe “new” renewables
Seen= witness
9.In 2015 governments poured $150bn into supporting such investment, with America, China and Germany taking the lead.
10.But Wildpoldsried is still very much the exception, not the rule.
这里的rule是指规律。这句话的意思是这件事仍然不常见。
11.In 2015 such sources accounted foronly 7% of electricity generated worldwide.
Take up
• to continue, especially starting after sb / sth else has finished 继续；接下去:
»The band's new album takes up where their last six left off.
这个乐队的新唱片集是接上一集的乐曲录制的。
◘take'up sth
• to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用(时间)；占据(空间):
»I won't take up any more of your time.
我不再占用你的时间了。
◘take sth∽'up
1. to make sth such as a piece of clothing shorter将(衣服等)改短:
»This skirt needs taking up.
这条裙子需要改短。
【OPP】let down
2. to learn or start to do sth, especially for pleasure• (尤指为消遣)学着做,开始做:
»She has taken up(= started to learn to play)the oboe.她学起吹双簧管来了。
3. to start or begin sth such as a job开始从事:
»He takes up his duties next week.他下周就要开始履行职责。
4. to join in singing or saying sth •一起唱；一齐说:
»to take up the chorus加入合唱
5. to continue sth that sb else has not finished, or that has not beenmentioned for some time继续(他人未完成的事)；接着讲(以前提过的事):
»I'd like to take up the point you raised earlier. 我想继续谈一谈你早些时候提出的问题。
6. to move into a particular position •进入,占据(位置):
»I took up my position by the door. 我把住了门口。
7. to accept sth that is offered or available 接受(建议或能得到的东西):
»to take up a challenge 接受挑战
take'up with sb(informal)
• to begin to be friendly with sb, especially sb with a bad reputation •开始结交(尤指名声不好的人)
◘take sb'up on sth
1. to question sb about sth, because you do not agree with them 质问；查问:
»I must take you up on that point. 那个问题我一定要找你问个明白。
2. (informal) to accept an offer, a bet, etc. from sb •接受(提议、打赌等):
»Thanks for the invitation—we'll take you up on it some time. 谢谢你的盛情邀请,改日我们一定奉陪。
◘7take sth'up with sb
• to speak or write to sb about sth that they may be able to deal with or help you with 向…提出；与…交涉:
»They decided to take the matter up with their MP. 他们决定向本地区议员反映这一问题。
◘be taken'up with sth / sb
• to be giving all your time and energy to sth / sb 致力于；专心于；对…一心一意
◘be'taken with sb / sth
• to find sb / sth attractive or interesting 被…吸引；迷上；对…感兴趣:
»We were all very taken with his girlfriend. 我们都觉得他的女朋友非常讨人喜欢。
12.In terms of reducing climate risks there is a long way to go.
口语继续努力：keep it up= way to go
It goes a long way to n./v-ing
It goes a long way to achieving your purpose= it helps alot to achieve the goal.
13.The EU’s emissions-tradingscheme is a perennial disappointment: still, hope springs eternal,as witness a recent attempt to persuade the new Americanadministration of the benefits of a revenue-neutral economy-wide carbon tax devoted to providing $2,000 to every family of four in rebates.
Perennial:长期的，长久的，常绿植物
As的用法还没听得清，明儿再听一下。
Revenue-neutral不会赢得额外收入，零收入
In rebates= in return
14.New capacity：新产能
15.push down prices
drag down prices
16.In America this has been somewhat masked by the shale-gasrevolution
17.Wholesale electricity priceshave slumped from around €80 amegawatt-hour in 2008 to €30-50 nowadays.
Slump：力不从心地下滑。
Drop，fall无感情色彩
Slip、：偷偷下滑
18.Utility：专指公用设备，基础设施建设方面的系统
Pay utilities:付水电费
19.Write off：【会计】折旧、折损
20.In an industry structuredaround marginal costs, renewables have a disruptive punch above their weight.
21.Marginal cost：边际成本
边际成本是一个产品的核心，边际成本越高，利润越低
22.At first blush乍一看，乍一瞥
23.Standby=backup
24.grids smart enough to help customers adapt demand to supply: all have their champions and their role to play.
Champions：带领、支持、提倡
25.Capacity payment：产量费用
Wholesale price：批发价
26.It is a fair bet that, the more renewables are exposed to competition by contracts pegged to wholesale prices, the more people will shy away fromthem as well.
27.Ever-lower capital costs,particularly in solar, could go some way to bucking this trend,making investments cheaper even as they become more risky.
28.But it is “death by a thousand cuts”.滴水穿石的死法。
29.Blue murder：强烈抗议
day 11 补充阅读
刚刚读补充材料的时候很惊喜。原来考虑到原文文本的难度，给自己设定了1小时读补充材料，但是发现上手格外快，大概10分钟就看完了，而且结构、逻辑很清楚。
这应该归功于把原文这块大骨头啃下来吧。之前对于新能源的了解比较肤浅，关于市场、边际效益等也十分陌生，文中很多词虽然反复出现，但是很难搞明白到底是什么意思。
但是经过三天的文本熟悉，尤其是对这个话题的熟悉，使得我在补充阅读时如鱼得水。
这仿佛也是启示我，想要背一个专题的单词、了解一个行业的知识，你还是得把自己抛入到那个环境中，熟悉、了解、运用，才能事半功倍。
之前觉得安妮选的专题都离我太远，现在觉得真的很有用。