04-Docker-Container管理操作

04-Docker-Container管理操作

Docker Version: 19.03.5

Written by Zak Zhu

参考

• Breeze老师的docker培训
• 马哥docker视频

容器运行须知

• 容器是为进程任务而生的
• 容器的生命周期是短暂的

一个容器建议只运行一个进程(容器内PID为1), 而且这个进程需要在容器内以Foreground方式运行, 不能以Background方式运行. 如果进程退出了, 那么容器就发现Foreground Stdout不被占据, 于是容器也随之退出

容器运行过程:

1. 检查本地是否存在指定的镜像, 如果没有就从指定的仓库下载
2. 利用镜像启动一个容器
3. 分配一个文件系统, 并在只读的镜像层上面挂载一层可读写层
4. 从宿主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去
5. 从地址池配置一个IP给容器
6. 执行用户指定的程序
7. 执行完毕后停止容器

容器生命周期

容器管理命令

---

1. 生命周期

• run

  Run a command in a new container

  Usage:

  docker container run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --detach	Run container in background and print container ID
  --interactive	Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  --tty	Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  --rm	Automatically remove the container when it exits
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 在后台运行容器及应用

    docker container run --detach IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

  • 在前台运行容器并交互

    docker container run --interactive --tty IMAGE /bin/sh

  ---

• start

  Start one or more stopped containers

  Usage:

  docker container start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 启动容器

    docker container start CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• stop

  Stop one or more running containers

  Usage:

  docker container stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 停止容器

    docker container stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• kill

  Kill one or more running containers

  Usage:

  docker container kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 杀掉容器

    docker container kill CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• restart

  Restart one or more containers

  Usage:

  docker container restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 重启容器

    docker container restart CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• rm

  Remove one or more containers

  Usage:

  docker container rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --force	Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
  --volumes	Remove the volumes associated with the container
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 删除已退出的容器

    docker container rm CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  • 删除正运行的容器

    docker container rm --force CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  • 删除容器及挂载卷

    docker container rm --volumes CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

---

---

2. 查看操作

• ls

  List containers

  Usage:

  docker container ls [OPTIONS]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --all	Show all containers (default shows just running)
  --no-trunc	Don't truncate output
  --quiet	Only display numeric IDs
  --size	Display total file sizes
  --latest	Show the latest created container (includes all states)
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 列出所有容器及其状态

    docker container ls [ --all ]

  • 显示最近一次创建容器

    docker container ls --latest

  • 列出所有容器的ID

    docker container ls --quiet [ --no-trunc ]

  • 列出所有容器的SIZE

    docker container ls --size

  ---

• inspect

  Display detailed information on one or more containers

  Usage:

  docker container inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 显示容器详细信息

    docker container inspect CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• logs

  Fetch the logs of a container

  Usage:

  docker container logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --details	Show extra details provided to logs
  --follow	Follow log output
  --since string	Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  --tail string	Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  --timestamps	Show timestamps
  --until string	Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

  ---

• top

  Display the running processes of a container

  Usage:

  docker container top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]

  Often use:

  • 在宿主机上查看容器应用进程

    docker container top CONTAINER 

  ---

• stats

  Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics

  Usage:

  docker container stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --all	Show all containers (default shows just running)
  --no-stream	Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 查看所有容器的资源使用情况统计

    docker container stats [ --all ] [ --no-stream ]

  • 查看一个容器的资源使用情况统计

    docker container stats [ --no-stream ] CONTAINER

---

---

3. 命令执行

• exec

  Run a command in a running container

  Usage:

  docker container exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --env list	Set environment variables
  --interactive	Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  --privileged	Give extended privileges to the command
  --tty	Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  --user string	Username or UID (format: [:])
  --workdir string	Working directory inside the container
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 执行容器中的命令

    docker container exec CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

  • 进入容器的SHELL

    docker container exec --interactive --tty CONTAINER /bin/sh

---

---

4. 文件复制

• cp

  Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

  Usage:

  docker container cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH

  docker container cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --archive	Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
  --follow-link	Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH

---

---

容器用途分类

容器按用途大致可分为两类：

• 服务类容器

  如 web server、database等

  E.G. 运行httpd容器

  docker container run --name="web-server" --detach httpd

  

• 工具类容器

  如curl容器，redis-cli容器

  E.G. 运行curl容器

  docker container run --interactive --tty --rm appropriate/curl curl 172.17.0.5