spring整合Hibernate整合什么？
1.让IOC容器来管理Hibernate的SessionFactory。
2.让Hibernate使用上spring的声明式事务。
整合步骤：
1.加入Hibernate。
2.加入spring。
3.整合。
一、加入Hibernate
1.加入相应jar包
加入Hibernate所需的依赖包：
将以上包加入到build path。
加入连接数据库所需的依赖包：
将以上包加入到build path。
2.添加Hibernate配置文件：hibernate.cfg.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialectproperty>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">trueproperty>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">trueproperty>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">updateproperty>
session-factory>
hibernate-configuration>
3.添加实体类以及其hbm配置文件
Account.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities; public class Account { private Integer id; private String username; private int balance; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public int getBalance() { return balance; } public void setBalance(int balance) { this.balance = balance; } }
Book.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities; public class Book { private Integer id; private String bookName; private String isbn; private int price; private int stock; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getBookName() { return bookName; } public void setBookName(String bookName) { this.bookName = bookName; } public String getIsbn() { return isbn; } public void setIsbn(String isbn) { this.isbn = isbn; } public int getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(int price) { this.price = price; } public int getStock() { return stock; } public void setStock(int stock) { this.stock = stock; } }
Account.hbm.xml
xml version="1.0"?>
DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities.Account" table="SH_ACCOUNT">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="native" />
id>
<property name="username" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="USERNAME" />
property>
<property name="balance" type="int">
<column name="BALANCE" />
property>
class>
hibernate-mapping>
Book.hbm.xml
xml version="1.0"?>
DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.gong.spring.hibernate.entities.Book" table="SH_BOOK">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="native" />
id>
<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="BOOKNAME" />
property>
<property name="isbn" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="ISBN" />
property>
<property name="price" type="int">
<column name="PRICE" />
property>
<property name="stock" type="int">
<column name="STOCK" />
property>
class>
hibernate-mapping>
这里需要说明的是table="SH_BOOK"中SH是表的前缀，我们在写hql语句时不用带上，系统会自动识别。
二、加入spring
1.加入相应的jar包
加入spring所需的jar包：
将以上依赖包加入到build path。
2.加入spring配置文件，并进行整合
db.propertites
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring
jdbc.initPoolSize=5
jdbc.maxPoolSize=10
applicationContex.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gong.spring.hibernate">context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}">property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}">property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}">property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}">property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}">property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}">property>
bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource">property>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml">property>
<property name="mappingLocations"
value="classpath:com/gong/spring/hibernate/entities/*.hbm.xml">property>
bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory">property>
bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="purchase" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/>
<tx:method name="*"/>
tx:attributes>
tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.*.*(..))"
id="txPointcut"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
aop:config>
beans>
需要注意：假设用的是navicat操作Mysql数据库，对于所连接的数据库，先不要打开，否则不会生成相应的数据表。同时，有两种方式配置hibernate的配置文件，一种是引用外部配置，一种是直接在applicaitonContext.xml文件中进行配置。
最后我们在com.gong.spring.hibernate.test中新建一个SpringHibernateTest.java进行测试：
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.test; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Arrays; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringHibernateTest { private ApplicationContext ctx = null; { ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void testDataSource() throws SQLException { DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class); System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection()); } }
执行testDataSource方法，在数据库hb中会生成两个实体类的表：
3.进行代码测试
现在的目录结构如下：
使用基于注解的方式来配置bean，需要先在applicationContext.xml中加入：
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gong.spring.hibernate">context:component-scan>
BookShopDao.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao; public interface BookShopDao { //根据书号获取书的单价 public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn); //更新书的库存，使书号对应的库存-1 public void updateBookStock(String isbn); //更新账户余额：使username的balance-price public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price); }
BookShopDaoImpl.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao.impl; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao.BookShopDao; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions.BookStockException; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions.UserAccountException; @Repository public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao { @Autowired private SessionFactory sessionFactory; //获取当前绑定的session private Session getSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } @Override public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) { String hql = "SELECT b.price FROM Book b WHERE b.isbn = ?"; Query query = getSession().createQuery(hql).setString(0, isbn); return (Integer) query.uniqueResult(); } @Override public void updateBookStock(String isbn) { //验证书的库存是否充足 String hql2 = "SELECT b.stock FROM Book b WHERE b.isbn = ?"; //检查书的库存是否足够，如果不够，就抛出异常 int stock = (int) getSession().createQuery(hql2).setString(0, isbn).uniqueResult(); if(stock == 0){ throw new BookStockException("库存不足!"); } String hql = "UPDATE Book b set b.stock = b.stock-1 WHERE b.isbn = ?"; getSession().createQuery(hql).setString(0, isbn).executeUpdate(); } @Override public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price) { String hql2 = "SELECT a.balance FROM Account a WHERE a.username = ?"; int balance = (int) getSession().createQuery(hql2).setString(0, username).uniqueResult(); if(balance < price){ throw new UserAccountException("余额不足!"); } String hql = "UPDATE Account a SET a.balance = a.balance - ? WHERE a.username = ?"; getSession().createQuery(hql).setInteger(0, price).setString(1, username).executeUpdate(); } }
这里值得一提的是，hql语句和sql语句是有区别的，会将数据表当作对象来看，因此数据表的首字母要大写。
BookShopException.java和UserAccountException.java是我们自己定义的异常。
BookShopException.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions; public class BookStockException extends RuntimeException{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public BookStockException() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public BookStockException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) { super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public BookStockException(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public BookStockException(String message) { super(message); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public BookStockException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } }
UserAccountException.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.exceptions; public class UserAccountException extends RuntimeException{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public UserAccountException() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) { super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserAccountException(String message) { super(message); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserAccountException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } }
其实就是为异常取了个名字，然后改为自己想要输出的错误信息。
BookShopService.java（用于测试买单本书时候的事务）
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service; public interface BookShopService { public void purchase(String username, String isbn); }
Cashier.java（用于测试买多本书时候的事务）
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service; import java.util.List; public interface Cashier { public void checkout(String username, Listisbns); }
BookShopServiceImpl.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.impl; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.dao.BookShopDao; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.BookShopService; @Service public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService { @Autowired private BookShopDao bookShopDao; public void purchase(String username, String isbn) { //1. 获取书的单价 int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn); //2. 更新库存 bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn); //3. 更新余额 bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price); } }
CashierImpl.java
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.impl; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.BookShopService; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.Cashier; @Service public class CashierImpl implements Cashier { @Autowired private BookShopService bookShopService; @Override public void checkout(String username, Listisbns) { for(String isbn: isbns){ bookShopService.purchase(username, isbn); } } }
最后，我们在SpringHibernateTest.java中进行测试：
package com.gong.spring.hibernate.test; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Arrays; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.BookShopService; import com.gong.spring.hibernate.service.Cashier; public class SpringHibernateTest { private ApplicationContext ctx = null; private BookShopService bookShopService = null; private Cashier cashier = null; { ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class); cashier = ctx.getBean(Cashier.class); } @Test public void testCashier(){ cashier.checkout("AA", Arrays.asList("1001","1002")); } @Test public void testBookShopService(){ bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001"); } @Test public void testDataSource() throws SQLException { DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class); System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection()); } }
首先我们往数据库中添加如下数据：
先测试 testBookShopService方法，结果如下：成功购买了一本java书。
再执行一次该方法：出现异常，余额不足，结果为：
说明我们的spring+hibernate事务是配置成功。
接下来我们测试事务的传播方式，即testCashier方法，首先我们将数据设置为：
第一次执行后的结果：成功买到两本书：
再执行一次：
只买了第一本书，第二本余额不足，因为我们在配置时指定了
4.总结
至此，spring整合hibernate就基本完成了。
最后补充一些：
Spring Hibernate事务的流程：
（1）在方法执行之前获取session；
（2）把session和当前线程绑定，这样就可以在Dao中使用SessionFactory的getCurrentSession()来获取session；
（3）开启事务；
（4）若方法正常结束，即没有出现异常，则先提交事务，然后使当前线程绑定的session解除绑定，最后关闭session；
（5）若方法出现异常，则先回滚事务，然后使当前线程绑定的session解除绑定，最后关闭session；