Linux下Mysql安装

1、下载安装包

     首先查看Linux版本：

[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID:    RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description:    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)
Release:    6.3
Codename:    Santiago

　　结果显示系统为64位Redhat6.3 ,去Mysql官网（http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql#downloads）下载相应的版本。

wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-devel-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-client-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2、安装Mysql服务和客户端

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-server           ########################################### [100%]

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]

可能遇到的问题：

1>如果出现类似：

file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
    file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
    file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
    file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
    file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
    file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64

说明有包冲突，这时候要移除冲突的包，使用命令：

yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1.61*

2>如果移除时出现：

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 14110.

说明YUM正在更新，使用命令：

rm -f    /var/run/yum.pid

3、服务启动、停止、重新启动

[root@localhost usr]# service mysql start

[root@localhost usr]# service mysql stop

[root@localhost usr]# service mysql restart

4、修改root密码

[root@localhost bin]# mysqladmin -u root -p'root' password 'rockontrol'

5、常见问题

登录出现 Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password:YES)。解决步骤如下：

a：以root用户登录系统

b：看一下Mysql服务的状态 如果启动则杀掉进程 命令如下

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql status
 ERROR! MySQL is running but PID file could not be found
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux|grep mysql
root      1468  0.0  0.0 115216  1680 ?        S    6月16   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql     1638  0.0  2.7 1040276 455956 ?      Sl   6月16   0:29 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
root     17015  0.0  0.0 112660   976 pts/0    S+   08:42   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost ~]# kill 1468
[root@localhost ~]# kill 1638
[root@localhost ~]# kill 17015

c：启动特权命令：mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

d：在重新打开一个连接以普通用户命令进去   这时候就不需要在输入密码了

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

直接回车就可以进去了   然后修改user表的密码就可以了

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host                  | user | password                                  |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost             | root | *68A463BD53874E39A4D68117C03FB1A777EC9DA9 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | *68A463BD53874E39A4D68117C03FB1A777EC9DA9 |
| 127.0.0.1             | root | *68A463BD53874E39A4D68117C03FB1A777EC9DA9 |
| ::1                   | root | *68A463BD53874E39A4D68117C03FB1A777EC9DA9 |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host='%' where host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> update user set password='';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

这样就清空所有的密码了
e：这时候可以退出特权模式 重新启动Mysql服务  然后修改一下密码就可以了

SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('123456');