一、k8s Authentication
我们知道 apiserver 有以下几种认证方式:
- X509 Client Certs
- Static Token File
- Bootstrap Tokens
- Static Password File
- Service Account Tokens
- OpenID Connect Tokens
- Webhook Token Authentication
- Authenticating Proxy
一般我们使用二进制自建 k8s 集群,或者使用 kubeadm 创建的集群,集群的管理者,也就是 k8s 中 user 这个对象,都是使用的 X509 证书进行验证,如果属于同一个 CA 签发的,就认可这个用户;
企业为了减少用户管理的复杂程度,需要想办法如何把 IAM 的用户集成到 EKS 集群中,这样我们就不需要耽误为 EKS 创建用户,减少一套用户的维护工作,那这是如何集成的呢,是通过了 k8s 的 Webhook Token Authentication,其认证过程架构图如下:
我们可以从图中看到多了 Authentication 这一部分,通过 aws-iam-authenticator,我们可以知道,这是运行在 EKS Control Plane 中的一组 DaemonSet Pod,用来接收 apiserver 的认证请求。
二、解剖 EKS
2.1、创建 EKS
我们使用 eksctl 这个命令创建 EKS 集群,默认 eksctl 会调用 awscli 的 config,所以我们需要先配置好 awscli,相关的用户或者角色具有创建 eks 集群的权限即可:
eksctl create cluster --name eks --region us-east-1 \
--node-type=t2.small --nodes 1 --ssh-public-key .ssh/id_rsa.pub \
--managed --zones us-east-1f,us-east-1c --vpc-nat-mode Disable
集群创建好之后,会自动帮我们配置好 kubeclt 需要的配置文件,并且集群的创建者会自动获取集群 cluster-admin 的角色,拥有最高权限。
2.2、引入 aws-iam-authenticator
我们首先可以通过 CloudWatch Logs 去查看 kube-apiserver 的启动参数,我们可以看到有这样一组启动参数:
--authentication-token-webhook-config-file="/etc/kubernetes/authenticator/apiserver-webhook-kubeconfig.yaml"
说明我们已经启动了 webhook 方式的认证,那参数后面的 yaml 文件里面是什么呢,我们可以通过 aws-iam-authenticator 的 github 文档可以看到,我们使用如下命令进行生成:
wangzan:~/k8s $ aws-iam-authenticator init -i `openssl rand 16 -hex`
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] generated a new private key and certificate certBytes=804 keyBytes=1192
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] saving new key and certificate certPath=cert.pem keyPath=key.pem
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] loaded existing keypair certPath=cert.pem keyPath=key.pem
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] writing webhook kubeconfig file kubeconfigPath=aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] copy cert.pem to /var/aws-iam-authenticator/cert.pem on kubernetes master node(s)
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] copy key.pem to /var/aws-iam-authenticator/key.pem on kubernetes master node(s)
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] copy aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig to /etc/kubernetes/aws-iam-authenticator/kubeconfig.yaml on kubernetes master node(s)
INFO[2020-01-07T07:50:54Z] configure your apiserver with `--authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/aws-iam-authenticator/kubeconfig.yaml` to enable authentication with aws-iam-authenticator
查看生成的配置文件aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig
wangzan:~/k8s $ cat aws-iam-authenticator.kubeconfig
# clusters refers to the remote service.
clusters:
- name: aws-iam-authenticator
cluster:
certificate-authority-data: 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
server: https://localhost:21362/authenticate
# users refers to the API Server's webhook configuration
# (we don't need to authenticate the API server).
users:
- name: apiserver
# kubeconfig files require a context. Provide one for the API Server.
current-context: webhook
contexts:
- name: webhook
context:
cluster: aws-iam-authenticator
user: apiserver
2.3、整个 IAM 认证过程
首先,我们查看一下 kubectl 的配置文件信息:
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
server: https://93BEE997ED0F1C1BA3BD6C8395BE0756.sk1.us-east-1.eks.amazonaws.com
name: eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
contexts:
- context:
cluster: eks.us-east-1.eksctl.io
user: [email protected]
name: [email protected]
current-context: [email protected]
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: [email protected]
user:
exec:
apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1
args:
- token
- -i
- eks
command: aws-iam-authenticator
env: null
我们可以看到 user 字段,这里不是使用证书进行认证的,而是使用的 aws-iam-authenticator client,其命令如下:
wangzan:~ $ aws-iam-authenticator token -i eks
{"kind":"ExecCredential","apiVersion":"client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1","spec":{},"status":{"expirationTimestamp":"2020-01-07T08:23:23Z","token":"k8s-aws-v1.aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS8_QWN0aW9uPUdldENhbGxlcklkZW50aXR5JlZlcnNpb249MjAxMS0wNi0xNSZYLUFtei1BbGdvcml0aG09QVdTNC1ITUFDLVNIQTI1NiZYLUFtei1DcmVkZW50aWFsPUFLSUE1TkFHSEY2TllYU01DTEhPJTJGMjAyMDAxMDclMkZ1cy1lYXN0LTElMkZzdHMlMkZhd3M0X3JlcXVlc3QmWC1BbXotRGF0ZT0yMDIwMDEwN1QwODA5MjNaJlgtQW16LUV4cGlyZXM9MCZYLUFtei1TaWduZWRIZWFkZXJzPWhvc3QlM0J4LWs4cy1hd3MtaWQmWC1BbXotU2lnbmF0dXJlPTU2MjA5OTZhY2MzZGE3OWI3OGI0NDVjOTVkMTMyNmU0NjZmNTUyZTMzNDdkN2Y5MmExNGUwMzcwOTJiMzdmMDY"}}
这里其实是向 sts 获取一个临时的 token,用作身份凭证,这个命令也等同于下面的命令:
wangzan:~ $ aws eks get-token --cluster-name eks
{"status": {"expirationTimestamp": "2020-01-07T08:25:38Z", "token": "k8s-aws-v1.aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHMuYW1hem9uYXdzLmNvbS8_QWN0aW9uPUdldENhbGxlcklkZW50aXR5JlZlcnNpb249MjAxMS0wNi0xNSZYLUFtei1BbGdvcml0aG09QVdTNC1ITUFDLVNIQTI1NiZYLUFtei1FeHBpcmVzPTYwJlgtQW16LURhdGU9MjAyMDAxMDdUMDgxMTM4WiZYLUFtei1TaWduZWRIZWFkZXJzPWhvc3QlM0J4LWs4cy1hd3MtaWQmWC1BbXotU2VjdXJpdHktVG9rZW49JlgtQW16LUNyZWRlbnRpYWw9QUtJQTVOQUdIRjZOWVhTTUNMSE8lMkYyMDIwMDEwNyUyRnVzLWVhc3QtMSUyRnN0cyUyRmF3czRfcmVxdWVzdCZYLUFtei1TaWduYXR1cmU9NDUyYzA5ZTIwMzg2YjFmODU0NTU4YjhjNzBkNDA2MzdkYzM2Y2ExNzA5YWIxODQzNzE3NDdhY2IwYTUyNGIzYw"}, "kind": "ExecCredential", "spec": {}, "apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1"}
我们回到上面的架构图,kubectl 会把这个获取的 token,放到 http 的请求头 Authorization 里面,发送给 apiserver,apiserver 收到之后,回去请求已经配置好的 webhook 服务器,也就是我们前面所说的 daemonset pod(aws-iam-authenticator server),这个 aws-iam-authenticator server 会拿着 token 去请求 sts 服务,sts 服务验证其 token 的合法性,并返回 IAM 用户的 ARN(IAM Identity);
当 aws-iam-authenticator server 得到返回的 ARN 之后,回去和 k8s 中的一个 configmap aws-auth 去对比。
2.4、configmap aws-auth
我们查看一下刚创建好的机器,aws-auth 这个 configmap里面有什么信息:
wangzan:~ $ kubectl get cm aws-auth -nkube-system -oyaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
mapRoles: |
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers
- system:nodes
rolearn: arn:aws:iam::921283538843:role/eksctl-eks-nodegroup-ng-5a1b33b9-NodeInstanceRole-1B757SI5DCABJ
username: system:node:{{EC2PrivateDNSName}}
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers
- system:nodes
- system:node-proxier
rolearn: arn:aws:iam::921283538843:role/eksctl-eks-cluster-FargatePodExecutionRole-DEAGGBFGQ9YB
username: system:node:{{SessionName}}
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2019-12-30T07:57:47Z"
name: aws-auth
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "529891"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/configmaps/aws-auth
uid: 117c0e14-2ada-11ea-8820-0a64f353aa45
这里面定义了 IAM Identity 和 k8s 里面的 user 或者 group 的映射关系,集群创建的默认管理员并没有放在这里面,可能是处于安全的考虑,因为这个文件是可以进行编辑修改的。
通过上面一步我们可以知道,通过对比 aws-auth,apiserver 会得到请求用户的 username 或者 group,然后在通过其 authorization 授权方式对 IAM 赋予相应的权限,我们集群一般使用的是 RBAC。
关于更多的一些配置信息,可以参照官方文档:
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-iam-authenticator
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/zh_cn/eks/latest/userguide/add-user-role.html