############mysql主从复制##########

实验环境:
Redhat6.5    ##主从服务器版本一致
IP:172.25.8.1 master    ##主服务器或称主库
IP:172.25.8.2 slave    ##从服务器或称从库(可以多个)

实验内容:
1.修改master主服务器
[mysqld]        ##在[mysqld]模块内添加
log-bin=mysql-bin    ##启用二进制日志
server-id=1        ##服务器唯一ID,一般使用IP最后一段,master此处为1

2.修改从服务器slave
[mysqld]        ##在[mysqld]模块内添加
#log-bin=mysql-bin    ##从库一般不设置,若有A-->B-->C级联同步,中间的B数据库服务要开启log-bin
server-id=2        ##服务器唯一ID,一般使用IP最后一段,slave此处为2

3.重启主从服务器的mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql restart

4.在主服务器建立账户及授权slave
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'172.25.8.%' identified by 'hjy123456'
##设置复制用户rep,“%”表示任意段,密码hjy123456
mysql> show variables like 'server_id';    ##查看系统变量及其值
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 1     |    ##server-id=1
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------+------------+
| user  | host       |
+-------+------------+
| root  | 127.0.0.1  |
| rep   | 172.25.8.% |        ##rep用户,172.25.8.%
| root  | localhost  |
| user1 | localhost  |
+-------+------------+
mysql> show master status;  ##显示记录在案的信息,主从复制时就要从这里(259)开始
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      259 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)    
【执行完此步骤不要再操作master的mysql,防止Position变化】

5.在从服务器配置连接主服务器
mysql> change master to master_user='rep',master_host='172.25.8.1',master_port='3306',master_password='hjy123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=259;
  ##rep是主服务器上建立的用于复制的用户,172.25.8.1是主服务器的IP,3306是主库端口,password是rep用户的密码,mysql-bin.000001是刚查的二进制日志文件名,259是刚查的二进制日志偏移量,复制读取位置
mysql> show slave status\G;    ##查看复制状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.25.8.1  ##主库地址
                  Master_User: rep  ##授权账户
                  Master_Port: 3306 ##主库端口
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 259  ##二进制日志偏移量
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 251
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes    ##IO线程负责从从库到主库读取log-bin日志,此状态必须为YES
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes    ##SOL线程负责读取中继日志(relay-log)的数据转化为SQL语句应用到从库中,此状态必须为YES【可以使用监控软件,监控IO和SQL线程,NO时发送警报】                               Replicate_Do_DB:        
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 259
              Relay_Log_Space: 407
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0    ##主从复制过,从库比主库延迟的秒数
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:


6.测试主从复制
1)主库建立rep_db数据库,并插入数据
mysql> create database rep_db ;    ##创建rep_db数据库
mysql> use rep_db;        ##进入rep_db库
mysql> create table rep_tb(id varchar(10),name varchar(20)); ####创建rep_tb表
mysql> desc rep_tb ;    ##查看rep_tb表结构
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
mysql> insert into rep_tb values(001,'Tom'); ##插入以一条数据
mysql> select * from rep_tb ;    ##查看数据
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
| 1    | Tom  |
+------+------+

2)从库查看
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| rep_db             |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from rep_db.rep_tb;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
| 1    | Tom  |
+------+------+