nginx rewrite 参数和例子

nginx rewrite 参数和例子

本位转自： http://blog.c1gstudio.com/archives/434

推荐参考地址：
Mailing list ARChives 官方讨论区
http://marc.info/?l=nginx

Nginx 常见应用技术指南[Nginx Tips]
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。

正则表达式匹配，其中：

1. * ~ 为区分大小写匹配

2. * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配

3. * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配，其中：

1. * -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件

2. * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录

3. * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录

4. * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有：

1. * last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite

2. * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则

3. * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

4. * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

1. $args

2. $content_length

3. $content_type

4. $document_root

5. $document_uri

6. $host

7. $http_user_agent

8. $http_cookie

9. $limit_rate

10. $request_body_file

11. $request_method

12. $remote_addr

13. $remote_port

14. $remote_user

15. $request_filename

16. $request_uri

17. $query_string

18. $scheme

19. $server_protocol

20. $server_addr

21. $server_name

22. $server_port

23. $uri

结合QeePHP的例子

1. if (!-d $request_filename) {

2. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;

3. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;

4. break;

多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

1. if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {

2. set $sub_name $1;

3. rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;

4. }

目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

1. rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

1. if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {

2. rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;

3. }

目录自动加“/”

1. if (-d $request_filename){

2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

3. }

禁止htaccess

1. location ~//.ht {

2. deny all;

3. }

禁止多个目录

1. location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {

2. deny all;

3. break;

4. }

禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

1. location ~ ^/data {

2. deny all;

3. }

禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求

1. location /searchword/cron/ {

2. deny all;

3. }

禁止单个文件

1. location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {

2. deny all;

3. }

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

1. location ~(favicon.ico) {

2. log_not_found off;

3. expires 99d;

4. break;

5. }

6. 
   

7. location ~(robots.txt) {

8. log_not_found off;

9. expires 7d;

10. break;

11. }

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

1. location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {

2. access_log off;

3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

4. expires 600;

5. break;

6. }

文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

1. location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {

2. valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;

3. if ($invalid_referer) {

4. rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;

5. return 412;

6. break;

7. }

8. access_log off;

9. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

10. expires 3d;

11. break;

12. }

只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

1. root /opt/htdocs/www;

2. allow 208.97.167.194;

3. allow 222.33.1.2;

4. allow 231.152.49.4;

5. deny all;

6. auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";

7. auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

1. rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;

2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

1. if (-d $request_filename){

2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

3. }

知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;

2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

1. if (!-e $request_filename) {

2. proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

3. }

域名跳转

1. server

2. {

3. listen 80;

4. server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;

5. index index.html index.htm index.php;

6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;

7. rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;

8. access_log off;

9. }

多域名转向

1. server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;

2. index index.html index.htm index.php;

3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs;

4. if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {

5. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;

6. }

三级域名跳转

1. if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {

2. rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;

3. break;

4. }

域名镜向

1. server

2. {

3. listen 80;

4. server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;

5. index index.html index.htm index.php;

6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;

7. rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;

8. access_log off;

9. }

某个子目录作镜向

1. location ^~ /zhaopinhui {

2. rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;

3. break;

4. }

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

1. rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;

2. rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;

3. rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

1. rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;

2. rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;

3. rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;

4. rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;

5. rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;

6. rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

1. server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;

2. 
   

3. location = / {

4. if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {

5. rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;

6. break;

7. }

8. }

discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

1. location ^~ /ucenter {

2. location ~ .*/.php?$

3. {

4. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

5. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

6. fastcgi_index index.php;

7. include fcgi.conf;

8. }

9. 
   

10. location /ucenter/data/avatar {

11. log_not_found off;

12. access_log off;

13. location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {

14. error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_big.gif;

15. }

16. location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {

17. error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_middle.gif;

18. }

19. location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {

20. error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_small.gif;

21. }

22. expires 300;

23. break;

24. }

25. }

jspace rewrite

1. location ~ .*/.php?$

2. {

3. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

4. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

5. fastcgi_index index.php;

6. include fcgi.conf;

7. }

8. 
   

9. location ~* ^/index.php/

10. {

11. rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;

12. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

13. fastcgi_index index.php;

14. include fcgi.conf;

15. }