SQL*Loader 用法：
sqlldr keyword=value [,keyword=value，... ]
SQL*Loader通过控制文件实现对记录的处理，例子命令行下sqlldr scott/tiger control=case.ctl（并非数据库sql>下）
case.ctl内容如下：
load data
infile * ##使用*表示加载的数据在控制文件中，如果是独立文件要使用‘绝对路径名’
into table bonus ##指定要将数据加载到哪个表中，该表必须已经存在。into前还有参
##数使用说明如下：
##insert：向表中插入数据，表必须为空表否则执行失败。into默认
##为insert
##append：无论表中是否有数据都向表中追加数据 ##replace：将原来的表中数据delete干净，然后添加新数据
##truncate：truncate表中的数据，然后添加新数据
fields terminated by “，”##设置数据部分的字符串分割标志为
（ename，job，sal）##设置表的列名，列名必须与表中的列名相同。
begindata ##表示以下为待加载数据
smith，clerk，1900 ##格式要对应表列名
allen，salesman，2900
实验1：以独立文件向表中追加数据
vim case.ctl内容如下
load data
infile '/home/oracle/pks1.txt'
append into table bonus
fields terminated by ","
(ename,job,sal)
vim /home/oracle/psk1.txt内容如下：
ward，salsman，3123
king，president，5000
实验2：数据文件不符合规范，观察日志（与控制文件同名.log）以及错误文件(与日志文件同名.bad)
vim case1.ctl内容如下
load data
infile '/home/oracle/pks2.txt'
append into table bonus
fields terminated by ","
(ename,job,sal)
vim /home/oracle/psk2.txt内容如下：
kkksss123
wwwqqq321
[oracle@pks09 ~]$ cat case1.log
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 23 20:53:21 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Control File: case1.ctl
Data File: /home/oracle/pks2.txt
Bad File: pks2.bad
Discard File: none specified
(Allow all discards)
Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array: 64 rows, maximum of 256000 bytes
Continuation: none specified
Path used: Conventional
Table BONUS, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: APPEND
Column Name Position Len Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
ENAME FIRST * , CHARACTER
JOB NEXT * , CHARACTER
SAL NEXT * , CHARACTER
Record 1: Rejected - Error on table BONUS, column JOB.
Column not found before end of logical record (use TRAILING NULLCOLS)
Record 2: Rejected - Error on table BONUS, column JOB.
Column not found before end of logical record (use TRAILING NULLCOLS)
Table BONUS:
0 Rows successfully loaded.
2 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.
Space allocated for bind array: 49536 bytes(64 rows)
Read buffer bytes: 1048576
Total logical records skipped: 0
Total logical records read: 2
Total logical records rejected: 2
Total logical records discarded: 0
Run began on Thu Jul 23 20:53:21 2015
Run ended on Thu Jul 23 20:53:21 2015
Elapsed time was: 00:00:00.06
CPU time was: 00:00:00.02
观看日志文件可知pks2.txt数据文件的两行数据加载失败，错误文件为pks2.bad。
查看pks2.bad分析错误原因