1、图形界面直接root 账号登录:
cd /etc/gdm/
[root@centos7 gdm]# grep -Ev '^#|^$' custom.conf [daemon] AutomaticLoginEnable=ture AutomaticLogin=root
2、查看管理员编号;uid为 0是超级用户
[root@centos7 ~]# id root -u
0
3、查看终端命令tty
4、 [root@centos7 ~]# w 19:55:27 up 54 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root pts/0 192.168.30.1 19:25 7.00s 0.23s 0.04s w
5、init 3 进入字符界面; init 5 ,init 0,init 6;
runlevel 查看运行级别
chvt 代替快捷键
6、查看bash
echo $SHELL ; echo ${SHELL}
cat /etc/shells
7、切换shell程序 /bin/csh
8、命令提示符:
echo $PS1
man bash
文档搜索PROMPTING 查看ps1配置
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#vim /etc/profile.d/env.sh PS1="\[\e[1;32m\][\u@\h \W]\\$\[\e[0m\]" [root@centos7 ~]#PS1="\[\e[1;31m\][\u@\h \W]\\[\e[0m\]"
9、内部/外部命令
查看内部命令:
enable .
enable :
enable [
enable alias
enable bg
enable bind
enable break
enable builtin
enable caller
enable cd
enable command
enable compgen
enable complete
enable compopt
enable continue
enable declare
enable dirs
enable disown
enable echo
enable enable
enable eval
enable exec
enable exit
enable export
enable false
enable fc
enable fg
enable getopts
enable hash
enable help
enable history
enable jobs
enable kill
enable let
enable local
enable logout
enable mapfile
enable popd
enable printf
enable pushd
enable pwd
enable read
enable readarray
enable readonly
enable return
enable set
enable shift
enable shopt
enable source
enable suspend
enable test
enable times
enable trap
enable true
enable type
enable typeset
enable ulimit
enable umask
enable unalias
enable unset
enable wait
确认内部命令:type
[root@centos7 ~]#type enable enable is a shell builtin
路径变量
echo $PATH
[root@centos7 ~]#echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
清空缓存:hash -d ; hash -r
[root@centos7 ~]#hash hits command 1 /usr/bin/w [root@centos7 ~]#hash -d w [root@centos7 ~]#hash hash: hash table empty
10、别名:alias
which who
whereis who
[root@centos7 ~]#which ls alias ls='ls --color=auto' /usr/bin/ls
修改家目录别名 [root@centos7 network-scripts]#grep -Ev "^#|^$" /root/.bashrc alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/' alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i' if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi
. /root/.bashrc
使用原始命令:\ls
取消所有别名,相对当前终端;unalias
查看路径
[root@centos7 ~]#which ls alias ls='ls --color=auto' /usr/bin/ls [root@centos7 ~]#which --skip-alias ls /usr/bin/ls
11 命令格式:
iptables -nvL (有前后关系
ctrl +c 强制退出
ctrl +d logout 正常退出
命令长格式换行
[root@centos7 ~]#host\ > name centos7.magedu.com
12、date
date -R 查看时区
centos7:
timedatectl list-timezones
timedatectl status
tiemdatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
hwclock -s 硬件时间同步软件时间
hwclock -w 软件时间同步硬件时间
date +%s
date -d @1580137760
date "+%F %T"
date -d "-2 day" +%A
date -d "-1day" +%F
date -s "-1day"
日历:
cal -y
cal 8 2010 查看某年的日志表
13、关机重启;
shutdown 指定时间关机
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#shutdown 15:41 Shutdown scheduled for Tue 2020-01-28 15:41:00 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
修改中文:
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#echo $LANG en_US.UTF-8 vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8" . /etc/sysconfig/i18n
广播:
wall "hello 你们好"
14、
15、screen
安装screen
192.168.30.101
192.168.30.102 ;ssh 192.168.30.101
[root@centos7 Packages]#rpm -ivh ./screen-4.1.0-0.25.20120314git3c2946.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: ./screen-4.1.0-0.25.20120314git3c2946.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] installing package screen-4.1.0-0.25.20120314git3c2946.el7.x86_64 needs 4KB on the /run filesystem
1、共享会话
[root@centos7 Packages]#mkdir -pv /run/media/root/Centos\ 7\ x86_64
[root@centos7 Packages]#mount /dev/sr0 /run/media/root/Centos\ 7\ x86_64
cd
cd /run/media/root/Centos\ 7\ x86_64/Packages
[root@centos7 Packages]#rpm -ivh ./screen-4.1.0-0.25.20120314git3c2946.el7.x86_64.rpm
2、开启screen
screen -S help 创建会话
screen -x help 加入会话
ctrl +a,d 剥离会话
screen -ls 查看会话
screen -r 恢复会话
exit 退出
3、拷贝文件需要30分钟,开启会话screen ;异常时,可以通过screen -r 恢复会话
[root@centos7 ~]#screen -r
16、echo
echo -e "\a"
hexdump f1 查看二进制
[root@centos7 ~]#bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
ibase=16
61
97
quit
[root@centos7 ~]#bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
obase=16
97
61
[root@centos7 ~]#echo -e "\033[1;31mmagedu\033[0m"
magedu
修改登录提示界面motd:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/motd
拷贝信息文件:
cp `which --skip-alias ls ` /data
`` 变量命令
"" 变量
'' 字符串
echo {1..10}
echo {10..20..2}
echo {a..z}
echo f{1..3}
17 历史 命令:
history
[root@centos7 ~]#echo $HISTSIZE
1000
cat /etc/profile 配置文件修改HISTSIZE
[root@centos7 ~]#vim ~/.bash_history 记录了内存命令历史;
ctrl +r搜索
ecs . 调用最后一个参数
history 清空 历史:
[root@centos7 ~]#rm -f ~/.bash_history
histroy -c 清空历史
history -a 保存历史到文件中 ~/.bash_history
man bash 查看历史帮助
history 历史变量
vim /etc/profile # /etc/profile.d/env.sh HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T " HISTSIZE=1000 [root@centos7 ~]#echo $HISTFILE /root/.bash_history
18获取帮助:
whatis 显示命令的简短描述
whatis rm
makewhatis censots6 制作数据库
mandb centos7 制作数据库
内部命令
help command
man command
man 章节:
/usr/share/man
whereis ls
[root@centos7 Packages]#whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz
man 1 ls
man 查看文件所在的章节
[root@centos7 Packages]#whereis passwd
passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5.gz
[root@centos7 Packages]#whatis passwd
passwd (1) - update user's authentication tokens
sslpasswd (1ssl) - compute password hashes
passwd (5) - password file
man 搜索:
/keyword 向文件尾部
n:
N:
?KEYWORD 向文件首部
n:
N:
/usr/share/doc
[root@centos7 ~]#sosreport 搜集系统日志信息
19 cat /etc/issue
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/issue \S Kernel \r on an \m tty is \l hostname is \n
[root@centos7 ~]#man 8 agetty
l Insert the name of the current tty line. m Insert the architecture identifier of the machine. Same as `uname -m'. n Insert the nodename of the machine, also known as the hostname. Same as `uname -n'. o Insert the NIS domainname of the machine. Same as `hostname -d'. O Insert the DNS domainname of the machine. r Insert the release number of the OS. Same as `uname -r'. t Insert the current time. u Insert the number of current users logged in. U Insert the string "1 user" or "users" where is the number of current users logged in.
20 bash快捷键:
ctrl +l
ctrl +d/c
ctrl +a
ctrl +e
ctrl +u
ctrl +k