一、zabbix说明
zabbix监控系统是c/s或c-proxy-s架构,通过agent(广义)从各监控端主动或被获取监控数据并存储下来,通过web GUI进行展示,通过定义的触发条件与报警系统进行事件的报警;
1、zabbix架构:
2、zabbix逻辑组件:
主机组（host groups）
主机（hosts）
应用（applications）
监控项(items)
触发器(triggers)
事件(events)
动作（actions）:条件（conditions）和操作（operations）
媒介（media）:发送通知通道;
通知(notifications)
远程命令(remote command)
报警升级(escalation)
模板（template）
图形(graph)
屏幕(screens)
幻灯（side show）
3、部署环境说明
系统环境CentOS7.2_x64 yum安装数据库：mariadb 5.5 yum安装 zabbix 3.2.8
编译安装nginx 1.2.1(最新稳定版) 编译安装 php 5.6.31最新稳定版。测试的机器ip:
172.16.3.152
关闭selinux
防火墙添加好规则，tcp/10051（进出）tcp/10050（出）或为了便于测试直接关闭。
约定说明
以下实践是本人整理基于以上提到的环境，不完全保证没有遗漏之处，如有错误请留言，
涉及到/etc/init.d/中的脚本请在复制后 chmod +x添加可执行权限。nginx,php-fpm等参数
在本次测试中除了非必要没有做性能调优,如生产线上使用,勿必修改对应的参数,提高性能.
/charts.php?fullscreen=0&groupid=0&hostid=10295&graphid=954
二、安装nginx
1、编译安装nginx
#yum install vim gcc wget unzip pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc-c++ pcre-dev zlib-devel -y #wget http://101.96.10.63/nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz (不要问我这个链接怎么是ip，官方就是这样的)
##添加系统nginx用户
#groupadd -g 108 -r nginx #useradd -u 108 -r -g 108 nginx #解压并编译安装
#tar xvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz cd nginx-1.12.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-pcre \ #make && make install #编译并安装nginx
2、添加系统服务（sysv）
cat /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
3、添加开机启动及加载到 systemd管理
#chkconfig --add nginx #chkconfig nginx on #systemctl daemon-reload
4、配置及启动nginx
cd /etc/nginx
cp nginx.conf nginxconf_def
cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /data1/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /data1/log/nginx/access.log main;
server_tokens off;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
client_max_body_size 5m;
keepalive_timeout 60;
gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
#mkdir -pv /etc/nginx/conf.d
#cat conf.d/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
access_log /data1/log/nginx/test.access.log main;
index index.php index.html index.html;
root /data1/site/test;
location /
{
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ .*\.(php)?$
{
expires -1s;
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
}
##创建对应目录及授权
#mkdir -pv /data1/log/nginx #mkdir -pv /data1/site/test #echo "hello" >/data1/site/test/index.html #chown nginx.nginx /data1/ -R #systemctl start nginx
测试访问http://172.16.3.152 出现hello页面表示nginx配置成功。
三、安装maridb
#yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb-devel #systemctl enable mariadb #systemctl start mariadb
添加zabbix数据库及zabbix用户名密码
#mysql -uroot -p
>create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
>grant all privileges on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
#mysqladmin -u root password "redhat" #设置数据的root密码(测试时非必要) 数据库的设置先到这里，到zabbix时再导入结构初始化表。
四、编译安装php5.6.31
1、安装依赖组件
#yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel gd bzip2 bzip2-devel curl curl-devel freetype freetype-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel
2、下载php源码及编译安装
#wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.31.tar.bz2 #tar xvf php-5.6.31.tar.gz #cd php-5.6.31 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5631 \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5631/etc \ --with-bz2 \ --with-curl \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-sockets \ --disable-ipv6 \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local \ --with-png-dir=/usr/local \ --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-calendar \ --with-gettext \ --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local \ --with-zlib \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-mysql=mysqlnd \ --enable-dom \ --enable-xml \ --enable-fpm \ --with-libdir=lib64 \ --enable-bcmath
#make && make install #编译并安装php
2、添加环境变量
#cat /etc/profile.d/php.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/php5631/bin:$PATH
3、添加php-fpm系统服务
#cat /etc/init.d/php-fpm
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: - 85 25
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: php-fpm
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $network
# Short-Description: starts php-fpm
# Description: starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
### END INIT INFO
prefix=/usr/local/php5631
exec_prefix=${prefix}
php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid
php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF --pid $php_fpm_PID"
wait_for_pid () {
try=0
while test $try -lt 35 ; do
case "$1" in
'created')
if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
'removed')
if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
esac
echo -n .
try=`expr $try + 1`
sleep 1
done
}
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting php-fpm "
$php_fpm_BIN --daemonize $php_opts
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
fi
wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
stop)
echo -n "Gracefully shutting down php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID`
wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-quit"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
status)
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "php-fpm is stopped"
exit 0
fi
PID=`cat $php_fpm_PID`
if ps -p $PID | grep -q $PID; then
echo "php-fpm (pid $PID) is running..."
fi
;;
force-quit)
echo -n "Terminating php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID`
wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload service php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID`
echo " done"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac
#添加开机启动重新加载systemd
#chkconfig --add php-fpm #chkconfig php-fpm on #systemctl daemon-reload
4、修改php-fpm.conf并启动php-fpm
#cd /usr/local/php5631/etc #cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf #egrep -v '(^$|^;)' php-fpm.conf
user = nginx group = nginx listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3
#systemctl start php-fpm
五、安装zabbix 3.2
1、安装zabbix官方yum库
#rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
2、安装zabbix server agent及mysql插件
#yum install zabbix-get zabbix-sender zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-agent
3、配置zabbix_server.conf
egrep -v '(^$|^#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log LogFileSize=0 PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid DBHost=localhost DBName=zabbix DBUser=zabbix DBPassword=123456 DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock DBPort=3306 SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log Timeout=4 AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts LogSlowQueries=3000
4、初始化导入zabbix的表结构
#cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.8/ #gunzip create.sql.gz #解压 #mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix < create.sql #导入（也可以登录zabbix，source create.sql）
至此数据库部分设置完毕
5、修改/etc/zabbix/web目录权限
#cd /etc/zabbix #chown zabbix.nginx web -R #chmod 775 web -R
注：此目录没有权限，后面web安装配置zabbix时提示没有权限类似如下信息：
Warning: require_once(/etc/zabbix/web/maintenance.inc.php): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /usr/local/nginx/html/zabbix/include/classes/core/ZBase.php on line 269 Fatal error: require_once(): Failed opening required '/etc/zabbix/web/maintenance.inc.php' (include_path='.:/usr/local/php/lib/php') in/usr/local/nginx/html/zabbix/include/classes/core/ZBase.php on line 269
6、配置zabbix-server，zabbix-agent服务并启动
#systemctl enable zabbix-server #systemctl start zabbix-server #systemctl enable zabbix-agent #systemctl start zabbix-agent
六、zabbix web nginx配置
1、创建zabbix web目录并复制内容
#mkdir /data1/site/zabbix -pv #chown nginx.nginx /data1/site/zabbix -R #cp -rf /usr/share/zabbix/* /data1/site/zabbix
2、创建zabbix.conf配置文件
#cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ #egrep -v '(^$|^#)' zabbix.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name zabbix.pkey.cn; #这个是测试域名在本地机器上添加 hosts文件，也可用ip
access_log /data1/log/nginx/zabbix.access.log main;
index index.php index.html index.html;
root /data1/site/zabbix;
location /
{
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ .*\.(php)?$
{
expires -1s;
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
}
3、重启nginx
#systemctl restart nginx
七、web配置安装zabbix
http://zabbix.pkey.cn
如图：
点 “next step” 如图：
注意：此时如果有fail项请按上面的提示找到php.ini文件对应着修改，
获取php.ini文件位置
#php -i |grep php.ini
通常需要修改如下项：
max_execution_time = 300 memory_limit = 128M post_max_size = 16M upload_max_filesize = 2M max_input_time = 300 always_populate_raw_post_data = -1 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
直到如上所有的检测项均ok时再点next setp
出现如下图：
输入zabbix数据库的zabbix用户密码 ，如提示找不到文件夹之类的提示，Database host可以填写127.0.0.1，netxt setp 如下图：
next step
此此zabbix web安装配置完成
再次访问http://zabbix.pkey.cn
出现如下图：
默认的登录用户名密码：Admin/zabbix
登录进去默认是英文如图：
修改为中文界面：
从windows 系统复制 c:/windows/fontes/simkai.ttf 字体上传到
/data1/site/zabbix/fonts/中
并修改配置文件
#cd /data1/site/zabbix/fonts
#sed -i 's/DejaVuSans/simkai/g' ../include/defines.inc.php
再在用户设置中修改为中文字体如图：
更新后，zabbixweb页默认字体就是中文且不乱码，如图：
至此一个基于CentOS7 LNMP环境 zabbix3.2.8 中文界面配置完成。
安装zabbix-server后启动过程中出现的一个错误提示：
症状：zabbix-server服务是启动的，就是不侦听端口，日志显示如下：
错误日志/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log描述：
2597:20171009:103156.940 database is down: reconnecting in 10 seconds
2597:20171009:103159.761 Got signal [signal:15(SIGTERM),sender_pid:2646,sender_uid:0,reason:0]. Exiting ...
2597:20171009:103201.762 [Z3001] connection to database 'zabbix' failed: [0] received invalid response to SSL negotiation: R
手动连接数据库是正常的，最后发现安装的包不对
如下：
正常的两个基于mysql(mariadb)的如下：
zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.8-1.el7.x86_64 zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch zabbix-web-pgsql-3.2.8-1.el7.noarch zabbix-sender-3.2.8-1.el7.x86_64 zabbix-get-3.2.8-1.el7.x86_64 zabbix-web-3.2.8-1.el7.noarch zabbix-agent-3.2.8-1.el7.x86_64
安装了正常的包后故障排除，zabbix-server服务正常启动侦听10051端口。
定期清理历史数据(超过30天):
#!/bin/bash
#!/bin/bash
User="root"
Passwd="PASSWORD"
Date=`date -d $(date -d "-30 day" +%Y%m%d) +%s`
$(which mysql) -u${User} -p${Passwd} -e "
use zabbix;
DELETE FROM history WHERE 'clock' < $Date;
optimize table history;
DELETE FROM history_str WHERE 'clock' < $Date;
optimize table history_str;
DELETE FROM history_uint WHERE 'clock' < $Date;
optimize table history_uint;
DELETE FROM trends WHERE 'clock' < $Date;
optimize table trends;
DELETE FROM trends_uint WHERE 'clock' < $Date;
optimize table trends_uint;
DELETE FROM events WHERE 'clock' < $Date;
optimize table events;
"