什么是“方舱医院”？专家解读来了！

面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，武汉全力建设方舱医院！

2月3日（周一）晚，三所“方舱医院”在湖北武汉连夜开建。这三处“方舱医院”位于武汉国际会展中心、洪山体育馆和武汉客厅，以收治新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎轻症患者为主，将提供3800张医疗床位。

The construction of three mobile cabin hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province has picked up steam on Monday night. The city will make use of its sports stadium and two convention centers, and renovate them into three mobile hospitals to offer a total of 3800 beds to treat novel coronavirus infected patients with mild symptoms.

据新华网报道， “方舱医院”一般由医疗功能单元、病房单元、技术保障单元等部分构成，是一种模块化卫生装备，具有紧急救治、外科处置、临床检验等多方面功能，在各种应急救治、部队野战医院等领域广泛使用。



医院配备床位、桌椅、电热毯以及其他生活用品。

The temporary hospitals will be equipped with beddings, tables and chairs, electric blankets and other essentials.

三所“方舱医院”建成后，医护人员将分配到这里治疗轻症患者。一旦患者情况恶化，将会转送到武汉最大的专科传染病医院——金银潭医院。

Medical staff will be dispatched to the three hospitals to take care of patients who test positive for the virus — but show no severe symptoms — as soon as they are completed. Once a patient's symptoms worsen, he or she will be transferred to Jinyintan Hospital, one of the city's designated hospitals to admit patients infected with the virus, in a timely manner.

据新华网报道，2月4日又有一批体育馆、会展中心加入，“方舱医院”扩容至11家，接诊床位增至万余张。

Wuhan has decided to convert 11 venues, including gymnasiums, exhibition centers and sports centers, into makeshift hospitals, which can provide a total of over 10,000 beds.



此外，还有来自全国各地的20家“方舱医院”正驰援武汉。

在2008年的汶川地震中，解放军的野战“方舱医院”第一次投入使用。到了2010年玉树抗震救灾中，“方舱医院”替代玉树州医院行使医疗职能，及时救治了大量伤病员，发挥了巨大作用。


中国工程院副院长、呼吸与危重症医学专家王辰表示，“启用大空间、多床位的‘方舱医院’，这是中国采取的重大公共卫生举措。”

"Putting into operation temporary hospitals with a large number of beds inside a giant space is a major public health measure China has taken," said Wang Chen, a renowned respiratory expert and president of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

王辰说，这是国家在当前关键时期的关键之举。这种大规模的“方舱医院”不同于战时或抗震救灾时启用的野战移动类医院。以往没有采用过，是我国公共卫生防控与医疗的一个重大举措。

"It is a key measure taken by the authorities at a critical time," said Wang. "Unlike field hospitals during wartime or quake-relief efforts, the makeshift hospitals in Wuhan are unprecedented in China."


他表示，经过调研后发现当前最紧迫的任务，是解决病毒的社会传播和扩散问题，目前家族式聚集发病形势很严峻。如果大量轻症患者居家或疑似病人在社区游动，会成为疫情扩散的主要源头，而且在医院床位紧缺的情况下，这些患者若得不到有效收治会陷入困境甚至生命危险。

Wang said the new measure is specifically designed to address the pressing issue of virus transmission in households and communities. "If a large number of patients with mild symptoms live at home or suspected patients roam around in the community, they will become the main source to spread the virus," Wang said. Moreover, as hospital beds are in short supply, their lives could be in danger if they are not effectively treated, the expert added.

而至于网友担心的交叉感染问题，王辰还表示，由于是确诊患者，病原相同，交叉感染这个问题不是突出问题。入院前除新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性外，还会经过流感抗原筛查，尽最大可能避免可能的生物安全风险。由于是大规模集中收治，相关配套管理、保障工作要抓细抓好。

据央视新闻报道，“方舱医院”除了目前已经布置好的床位以外，这里还设有护士站、抢救室、病人通道、医用品存放处等区域。未来，还将开辟新区域，作为CT检测室。



虽然还有很多工作要进行，但是有了各行各业的支持。相信“方舱医院”一定能以最快的速度建成投用。

就让我们继续同时间赛跑、与病魔较量！

综合来源：新华网，中国日报网，央视新闻，环球时报时报英文版