Oracle单实例数据库迁移到Oracle RAC环境之--数据导出导入
系统环境：
操作系统：RedHat EL55
Oracle ： Oracle 11.2.0.1.0
集群软件：Oracle GI 11.2.0.1.0
本案例采用的是通过数据的导入导出（EXPDP/IMPDP)的迁移方式
从单实例的库迁移数据到RAC环境，可以有多种方式，通过数据的导出和导入也可以，但前提是数据库采用相同的字符集。
1、数据库环境
单实例：
17:35:59 SYS@ test1>SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;
BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
17:35:36 SYS@ test1>select userenv('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
RAC 环境：
17:46:03 SYS@ prod1>SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;
BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Elapsed: 00:00:00.16
17:46:29 SYS@ prod1>select instance_name,status from gv$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS ---------------- ------------ prod1 OPEN prod2 OPEN
17:45:40 SYS@ prod1>select userenv('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
2、建立测试环境
单实例：
17:38:26 SYS@ test1>create tablespace test01
17:41:40 2 datafile '/dsk1/oradata/test1/test01.dbf' size 100m;
Tablespace created.
17:43:49 SYS@ test1>create user test1 identified by test1
17:44:00 2 default tablespace test01
17:44:00 3 temporary tablespace tmpgp1
17:44:00 4 quota unlimited on test01
17:44:00 5 account unlock;
17:44:00 SYS@ test1>grant connect ,resource to test1;
Grant succeeded.
17:50:34 SYS@ test1>conn test1/test1
Connected.
17:50:41 TEST1@ test1>create table testtb1 tablespace test01 as select * from scott.emp;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.25
17:50:52 TEST1@ test1>create index test_empno_ind on testtb1(empno) tablespace indx;
Index created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
如果做表空间传输，需要对表空间做自包含检测：
17:51:15 SYS@ test1>EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('test01', TRUE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:01:04.07
17:52:25 SYS@ test1>SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;
no rows selected
Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
创建导出传输目录：
17:52:43 SYS@ test1>create directory exp_dir as '/home/oracle/exp';
Directory created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
17:53:24 SYS@ test1>grant read,write on directory exp_dir to test1;
Grant succeeded.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.06
17:53:39 SYS@ test1>!mkdir ~/exp
导出schema：
[oracle@rh6 exp]$ expdp test1/test1 directory=exp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 10 17:59:05 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02": test1/******** directory=exp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 256 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT . . exported "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" 139.4 KB 1073 rows . . exported "TEST1"."TESTTB1" 8.570 KB 14 rows Master table "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for TEST1.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02 is: /home/oracle/exp/test.dmp Job "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02" successfully completed at 17:59:28
3、在RAC环境下导入数据：
从单实例传输dump文件到RAC环境下：
[oracle@rh6 exp]$ scp *.dmp 192.168.8.21:/u01/exp
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.21 (192.168.8.21)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 39:04:88:3b:54:34:3c:34:d2:df:74:37:fe:5f:92:2d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.21' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: test.dmp 100% 428KB 428.0KB/s 00:00
在RAC下建立表空间和Schema：
18:16:28 SYS@ prod1>create tablespace test01; Tablespace created. Elapsed: 00:00:06.27 18:19:19 SYS@ prod1>create tablespace indx; Tablespace created. Elapsed: 00:00:05.81 18:19:36 SYS@ prod1>select file_name,file_id,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_data_files; FILE_NAME FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES/1024/1024 -------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------------- +DG1/prod/datafile/users.259.852387481 4 USERS 5 +DG1/prod/datafile/undotbs1.258.852292707 3 UNDOTBS1 105 +DG1/prod/datafile/sysaux.257.852292707 2 SYSAUX 630 +DG1/prod/datafile/system.256.852292703 1 SYSTEM 690 +DG1/prod/datafile/example.264.852292891 5 EXAMPLE 103.125 +DG1/prod/datafile/undotbs2.265.852293259 6 UNDOTBS2 50 +DG1/prod/datafile/tbs1.269.852376681 7 TBS1 100 +DG1/prod/datafile/test01.273.852574753 8 TEST01 100 +DG1/prod/datafile/indx.274.852574771 9 INDX 100 9 rows selected.
18:14:34 SYS@ prod1>create user test1 identified by test1 18:14:49 2 default tablespace users 18:14:49 3 temporary tablespace temp 18:14:49 4 quota unlimited on users 18:14:49 5 account unlock; User created. Elapsed: 00:00:00.15 18:14:50 SYS@ prod1> 18:14:50 SYS@ prod1>grant connect,resource to test1; Grant succeeded.
建立数据导入目录：
18:15:31 SYS@ prod1>create directory imp_dir as '/u01/exp'; Directory created. 18:16:08 SYS@ prod1>grant read,write on directory imp_dir to test1; Grant succeeded. Elapsed: 00:00:00.16 [root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/exp [root@node1 ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /u01/exp
导入数据：
[root@node1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@node1 ~]$ cd /u01/exp
[oracle@node1 exp]$ ls
test.dmp
[oracle@node1 exp]$ impdp test1/test1 directory=imp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 10 18:21:05 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "TEST1"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "TEST1"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": test1/******** directory=imp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1 Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" 139.4 KB 1073 rows . . imported "TEST1"."TESTTB1" 8.570 KB 14 rows Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT Job "TEST1"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 18:21:42
数据导入成功！
4、验证：
18:19:45 SYS@ prod1>conn test1/test1 Connected. 18:22:20 TEST1@ prod1>select * from tab; TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID ------------------------------ ------- ---------- SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 TABLE TESTTB1 TABLE Elapsed: 00:00:00.08 18:22:24 TEST1@ prod1>select * from testtb1; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 40 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10 14 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.02 18:22:34 TEST1@ prod1> 17:47:08 SYS@ prod2>conn test1/test1 Connected. 18:22:54 TEST1@ prod2>select * from testtb1; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 40 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10 14 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.31
数据导入错误案例：
错误（1）：
[oracle@rh6 ~]$ expdp test1/test1 directory=exp_dir dumpfile=~/exp/test.dmp logfile=~/exp/test.log schemas=test1
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 10 17:55:21 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39088: file name cannot contain a path specification
在dumpfile和logfile指定的参数不能指定路径！
错误（2）：
[oracle@rh6 ~]$ cd exp
[oracle@rh6 exp]$ expdp test1/test1 directory=exp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 10 17:56:19 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": test1/******** directory=exp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
UDE-04031: operation generated ORACLE error 4031
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 32 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","SELECT job_id FROM v$datapum...","SQLA","tmp")
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPV$FT_INT", line 2904
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPC$QUE_INT", line 572
ORA-25254: time-out in LISTEN while waiting for a message
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_DATAPUMP", line 3263
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_DATAPUMP", line 4488
ORA-06512: at line 1
出现了ORA-04031错误，应该和share pool 有关系！
查看系统共享池：
17:57:59 SYS@ test1>show parameter shared
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- hi_shared_memory_address integer 0 max_shared_servers integer shared_memory_address integer 0 shared_pool_reserved_size big integer 12M shared_pool_size big integer 112M shared_server_sessions integer shared_servers integer 0
调整share pool的size：
17:58:01 SYS@ test1>alter system set shared_pool_size=200m ;
System altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.65
调整后重新导出成功：
[oracle@rh6 exp]$ expdp test1/test1 directory=exp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 10 17:59:05 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02": test1/******** directory=exp_dir dumpfile=test.dmp logfile=test.log schemas=test1 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 256 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT . . exported "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" 139.4 KB 1073 rows . . exported "TEST1"."TESTTB1" 8.570 KB 14 rows Master table "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for TEST1.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02 is: /home/oracle/exp/test.dmp Job "TEST1"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02" successfully completed at 17:59:28
@至此，数据迁移完成！