ansible安装及模块的管理

简介

1、ansible安装部署过程特别简单，学习曲线很平坦；
2、不需要单独安装客户端，知识利用现有的SSHD服务（协议）即可。
3、基于Python开发，集合了众多运维工具（puppet、chef、func、fabric）的优点，实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。

ansible 特点

1、部署简单，只需在主控端部署Ansible环境，被控端无需做任何操作；
2、默认使用SSH协议对设备进行管理；
3、有大量常规运维操作模块，可实现日常绝大部分操作；
4、配置简单、功能强大、扩展性强；
5、支持API及自定义模块，可通过Python轻松扩展；
6、通过Playbooks来定制强大的配置、状态管理；
7、轻量级，无需在客户端安装agent，更新时，只需在操作机上进行一次更新即可；
8、提供一个功能强大、操作性强的Web管理界面和REST API接口——AWX平台。

架构图

Ansible：Ansible核心程序。
HostInventory：记录由Ansible管理的主机信息，包括端口、密码、ip等。
Playbooks：“剧本”YAML格式文件，多个任务定义在一个文件中，定义主机需要调用哪些模块来完成的功能。
CoreModules：核心模块，主要操作是通过调用核心模块来完成管理任务。
CustomModules：自定义模块，完成核心模块无法完成的功能，支持多种语言。
ConnectionPlugins：连接插件，Ansible和Host通信使用

ansible 任务执行模式

　　Ansible 系统由控制主机对被管节点的操作方式可分为两类，即adhoc和playbook：

ad-hoc模式(点对点模式)
　　使用单个模块，支持批量执行单条命令。ad-hoc 命令是一种可以快速输入的命令，而且不需要保存起来的命令。就相当于bash中的一句话shell。
playbook模式(剧本模式)
　　是Ansible主要管理方式，也是Ansible功能强大的关键所在。playbook通过多个task集合完成一类功能，如Web服务的安装部署、数据库服务器的批量备份等。可以简单地把playbook理解为通过组合多条ad-hoc操作的配置文件。

ansible 执行流程

简单理解就是Ansible在运行时， 首先读取ansible.cfg中的配置， 根据规则获取Inventory中的管理主机列表， 并行的在这些主机中执行配置的任务， 最后等待执行返回的结果。

实操

环境

管理端：CentOS 7-2 192.168.18.147
被管理端1：CentOS 7-3 192.168.18.128
被管理端2：CentOS 7-4 192.168.18.148

管理端：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ansible -y
[root@localhost ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.2
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tree -y
[root@localhost ~]# tree /etc/ansible/
/etc/ansible/
├── ansible.cfg         #配置文件
├── hosts
└── roles

1 directory, 2 files
`配置主机清单`
[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/ansible/hosts
#在24行下插入以下内容
[webserver]
192.168.18.128
[mysql]
192.168.18.148

`生成密钥对`
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):        #直接回车
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):     #输入密码：abc123
Enter same passphrase again:                    #再次输入密码：abc123
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:5RvIVqbI9hscNK1Y4YivNnnUEgQeNfNm/WJcBXr8jWc [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|    oo= .   ...  |
|   . + * + o .   |
|    o o O B +    |
|     o @ @ + . o |
|      O S * . o E|
|     = = o +   o |
|    = . + .      |
|   . o   o       |
|        .        |
+----[SHA256]-----+

`密钥对位置`
[root@localhost ~]# ls -la
总用量 56
......
drwx------.  2 root root   38 1月  22 17:34 .ssh
......此处省略多行
[root@localhost ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
id_rsa（私钥）  id_rsa.pub（公钥）

`把密钥推给被管理端1`
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.18.128 (192.168.18.128)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mTT+FEtzAu4X3D5srZlz93S3gye8MzbqVZFDzfJd4Gk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:5a:88:23:49:60:9b:b8:7e:4b:14:4b:3f:cd:96:a0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes  #确认链接
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:     #输入相对应被管理端的root密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
`把密钥推给被管理端2`
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.18.148 (192.168.18.148)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mTT+FEtzAu4X3D5srZlz93S3gye8MzbqVZFDzfJd4Gk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:5a:88:23:49:60:9b:b8:7e:4b:14:4b:3f:cd:96:a0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes  #确认链接
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:     #输入相对应被管理端的root密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

验证密钥是否推送成功：
被管理端1：192.168.18.128

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys
#此时密钥推送成功

被管理端2：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@localhost .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys
#此时密钥推送成功

Ansible模块管理

1、command模块

`使用IP地址查看被管理端1的时间`
[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible 192.168.18.128 -m command -a 'date'
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa':       #输入密钥密码abc123
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2020年 02月 02日 星期日 15:53:20 CST
`使用别名查看被管理端2的时间`
[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible mysql -m command -a 'date'
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa':       #输入密钥密码abc123
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2020年 02月 02日 星期日 15:55:13 CST

`为避免总是输入密码的麻烦，我们可以执行免交互代理`
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-agent bash
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-add
Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:             #输入密钥密码abc123   
Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)

[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible webserver -m command -a 'date'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2020年 02月 02日 星期日 16:01:40 CST
#此时可以免交互直接显示时间

`所有hosts主机执行date命令`
[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible all -a 'date'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2020年 02月 02日 星期日 16:21:08 CST

192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2020年 02月 02日 星期日 16:21:08 CST

2、cron模块【两种状态（state）：present表示添加（可以省略），absent表示移除】

[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible mysql -m cron -a 'minute="*/1" job="/usr/bin/echo hello"  name="test hello"'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
        "test hello"
    ]
}
[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible mysql -a 'crontab -l'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: test hello
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/echo hello

此时我们可以进入被管理端2进行验证：

[root@localhost .ssh]# crontab -l
#Ansible: test hello
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/echo hello
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有新邮件

[root@localhost .ssh]# vim /var/spool/mail/root
From [email protected]  Sun Feb  2 16:40:02 2020
Return-Path: 
X-Original-To: root
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: by localhost.localdomain (Postfix, from userid 0)
        id 2255A319AE4E; Sun,  2 Feb 2020 16:40:02 +0800 (CST)
From: "(Cron Daemon)" 
To: [email protected]
Subject: Cron  /usr/bin/echo hello
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
Precedence: bulk
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
X-Cron-Env: 
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date: Sun,  2 Feb 2020 16:40:02 +0800 (CST)

hello
#以下省略多行，每分钟生成一个

此时移除计划性任务，使用absent：

[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible mysql -m cron -a 'name="test hello" state=absent'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": []
}

`此时再回到被管理端2中会发现计划任务消失`
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l

3、user模块【user模块是请求的是useradd, userdel, usermod三个指令】

`创建用户test01`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m user -a 'name=test01'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 1001,
    "home": "/home/test01",
    "name": "test01",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false,
    "uid": 1001
}
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 1001,
    "home": "/home/test01",
    "name": "test01",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false,
    "uid": 1001
}
`此时回到被管理端1中验证添加用户`
[root@localhost ~]# id test01
uid=1001(test01) gid=1001(test01) 组=1001(test01)
`此时回到被管理端2中验证添加用户`
[root@localhost ~]# id test01
uid=1001(test01) gid=1001(test01) 组=1001(test01)
#此时两台被管理端test01用户均添加成功

`删除webserver端中的test01用户`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible webserver -m user -a 'name=test01 state=absent'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "force": false,
    "name": "test01",
    "remove": false,
    "state": "absent"
}
`此时回到被管理端1:webserver中验证用户情况`
[root@localhost ~]# id test01
id: test01: no such user
#此时显示找不到，说明已被删除

group模块【group模块请求的是groupadd, groupdel, groupmod 三个指令】

`创建mysql组`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m group -a 'name=mysql gid=306 system=yes'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 306,
    "name": "mysql",
    "state": "present",
    "system": true
}
`远程查看被管理端2:mysql中是否有mysql组`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -a 'tail /etc/group'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
postfix:x:89:
stapusr:x:156:
stapsys:x:157:
stapdev:x:158:
tcpdump:x:72:
zhou:x:1000:
dhcpd:x:177:
named:x:25:
test01:x:1001:
mysql:x:306:        #此时有mysql组，同时gid号为306

`创建新用户test02并添加到mysql组`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=test02 uid=306 group=mysql system=yes'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 306,
    "home": "/home/test02",
    "name": "test02",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "state": "present",
    "system": true,
    "uid": 306
}
`远程查看被管理端2:mysql中是否在mysql组是否有新创建的用户test02`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -a 'id test02'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=306(test02) gid=306(mysql) 组=306(mysql)

copy模块

`远程把被管理端2:mysql中的etc目录下fstab自动挂载文件，复制到opt目录下并且取名为fstab.bk，属组为root，权限为644`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m copy -a 'src=/etc/fstab dest=/opt/fstab.bk owner=root mode=644'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "100f3bbf6644926857bbec2a40ab2f70bf1c060b",
    "dest": "/opt/fstab.bk",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "f57167de0e8f6f2963771a72af8a2840",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0",
    "size": 595,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1580693038.81-171191249824445/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
`远程查看被管理端2:mysql的opt目录下是否在mysql组是否有fstab.bk文件`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -a 'ls -l /opt'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 595 2月   3 09:24 fstab.bk
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 3月  26 2015 rh

`指定内容this is test，重定向生成新文件test.txt在opt目录下`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m copy -a 'content="this is test" dest=/opt/test.txt'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "b6794b2000d94d348203d0279c2e7322b922cb16",
    "dest": "/opt/test.txt",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "8c6d115258631625b625486f81b09532",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0",
    "size": 12,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1580693472.89-123279558248268/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
`远程查看被管理端2:mysql的opt目录下的test.txt文件中内容是否为this is test`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -a 'cat /opt/test.txt'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
this is test

file模块

`路径opt下的文件test.txt，用户为test02，组指定为mysql，权限为666`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m file -a 'path=/opt/test.txt owner=test02 group=mysql mode=666'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 306,
    "group": "mysql",
    "mode": "0666",
    "owner": "test02",
    "path": "/opt/test.txt",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0",
    "size": 12,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 306
}
`此时回到被管理端2:mysql中opt目录下的test.txt文件的详细情况`
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# ls -l
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root  595 2月   3 09:24 fstab.bk
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root    6 3月  26 2015 rh
-rw-rw-rw-. 1 test02 mysql  12 2月   3 09:31 test.txt
#此时test.txt文件属主为test02，属组为mysql，权限为666

`设置/opt/test.txt.link为/opt/test.txt的链接文件`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m file -a 'src=/opt/test.txt path=/opt/test.txt.link state=link'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/opt/test.txt.link",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0777",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0",
    "size": 13,
    "src": "/opt/test.txt",
    "state": "link",
    "uid": 0
}
`此时回到被管理端2:mysql中opt目录下查看此链接文件`
[root@localhost opt]# ls -l
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root  595 2月   3 09:24 fstab.bk
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root    6 3月  26 2015 rh
-rw-rw-rw-. 1 test02 mysql  12 2月   3 09:31 test.txt
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root   root   13 2月   3 09:59 test.txt.link -> /opt/test.txt  #链接性的文件

`创建一个空文件`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m file -a 'path=/opt/abc.txt state=touch'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/opt/abc.txt",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0",
    "size": 0,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
`此时回到被管理端2:mysql中opt目录下abc.txt文件的详细情况`
[root@localhost opt]# ls                #此时有abc.txt文件
abc.txt  fstab.bk  rh  test.txt  test.txt.link
[root@localhost opt]# cat abc.txt       #因为是空文件，所以没有内容

`删除创建的abc.txt空文件`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible mysql -m file -a 'path=/opt/abc.txt state=absent'
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "path": "/opt/abc.txt",
    "state": "absent"
}
`此时回到被管理端2:mysql中opt目录下是否有abc.txt文件`
[root@localhost opt]# ls
fstab.bk  rh  test.txt  test.txt.link

ping模块

`测试两台被管理端是否在线`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m ping
192.168.18.148 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.18.128 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

yum模块

`在被管理端1:webserver中安装httpd服务`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible webserver -m yum -a 'name=httpd'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "changes": {
        "installed": [
            "httpd"
        ]
    },
    "msg": "",
    "rc": 0,
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed\n---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed\n---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed\n---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package            Arch          Version                     Repository   Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n httpd              x86_64        2.4.6-90.el7.centos         base        2.7 M\nInstalling for dependencies:\n apr                x86_64        1.4.8-5.el7                 base        103 k\n apr-util           x86_64        1.5.2-6.el7                 base         92 k\n httpd-tools        x86_64        2.4.6-90.el7.centos         base         91 k\n mailcap            noarch        2.1.41-2.el7                base         31 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)\n\nTotal download size: 3.0 M\nInstalled size: 10 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal                                              1.0 MB/s | 3.0 MB  00:03     \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64                                       1/5 \n  Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                  2/5 \n  Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64                       3/5 \n  Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                  4/5 \n  Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64                             5/5 \n  Verifying  : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64                                       1/5 \n  Verifying  : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                  2/5 \n  Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64                       3/5 \n  Verifying  : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                  4/5 \n  Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64                             5/5 \n\nInstalled:\n  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos                                            \n\nDependency Installed:\n  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7                     apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7    \n  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos     mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7    \n\nComplete!\n"
    ]
}
#安装完成后会显示过程
`此时可以返回被管理端1:webserver中查看httpd服务是否安装成功`
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q httpd
httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64        #此时服务安装完成

`可以用以下命令移除服务`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible webserver -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=absent'

service模块

`启动被管理端2中的httpd服务`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible webserver -m service -a 'enabled=true name=httpd state=started'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "enabled": true,
    "name": "httpd",
    "state": "started",
......此处省略多行
`此时到被管理端1:webserver中查看httpd服务的状态`
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd.service
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2020-02-03 10:24:28 CST; 2min 25s ago
#此时状态显示为running运行

shell模块

`创建一个用户，为用户生成免交互密码`
[root@localhost ~]# ansible webserver -m user -a 'name=jarry'       #创建新用户jarry
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 1001,
    "home": "/home/jarry",
    "name": "jarry",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false,
    "uid": 1001
}
[root@localhost ~]# ansible webserver -m shell -a 'echo abc123 | passwd --stdin jarry'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 jarry 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
#生成jarry用户的登录密码为abc123

script模块

`首先在管理端编写脚本`
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# vim test.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "this is test script" > /opt/script.txt
chmod 666 /opt/script.txt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
rh  test.sh
[root@localhost opt]# chmod +x test.sh      #给予执行权限

`对所有被管理端执行test.sh脚本`
[root@localhost opt]# ansible all -m script -a 'test.sh'
192.168.18.128 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.18.128 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.18.128 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "",
    "stdout_lines": []
}
192.168.18.148 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.18.148 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.18.148 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "",
    "stdout_lines": []
}
`验证两台被管理端的opt目录下是否有script.txt文件`
#被管理端1：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# ls
rh  script.txt
[root@localhost opt]# cat script.txt
this is test script
#被管理端2：
[root@localhost opt]# ls
fstab.bk  rh  script.txt  test.txt  test.txt.link
[root@localhost opt]# cat script.txt
this is test script

setup模块

`列出被管理端2:mysql的所有主机信息`
[root@localhost opt]# ansible mysql -m setup
192.168.18.148 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "192.168.122.1",
            "192.168.18.148"
        ],
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::1cb1:b734:7f72:576f",
            "fe80::578f:4368:6a2c:80d7",
            "fe80::6a0c:e6a0:7978:3543"
        ],
        "ansible_apparmor": {
            "status": "disabled"
        },
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
        "ansible_bios_date": "07/29/2019",
        "ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
        "ansible_cmdline": {
            "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64",
            "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
            "crashkernel": "auto",
            "quiet": true,
            "rhgb": true,
            "ro": true,
            "root": "UUID=32c169ff-9bf7-4d89-a2f1-a99a7e59d4f2"
        },
        "ansible_date_time": {
            "date": "2020-02-03",
            "day": "03",
            "epoch": "1580698171",
            "hour": "10",
            "iso8601": "2020-02-03T02:49:31Z",
            "iso8601_basic": "20200203T104931948449",
            "iso8601_basic_short": "20200203T104931",
            "iso8601_micro": "2020-02-03T02:49:31.948682Z",
            "minute": "49",
            "month": "02",
            "second": "31",
            "time": "10:49:31",
            "tz": "CST",
            "tz_offset": "+0800",
            "weekday": "星期一",
            "weekday_number": "1",
            "weeknumber": "05",
            "year": "2020"
        },
        "ansible_default_ipv4": {
            "address": "192.168.18.148",
            "alias": "ens33",
            "broadcast": "192.168.18.255",
            "gateway": "192.168.18.2",
            "interface": "ens33",
            "macaddress": "00:0c:29:79:45:8e",
            "mtu": 1500,
            "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
            "network": "192.168.18.0",
            "type": "ether"
        },
......
......
......