当台上叽里呱啦地说上一长段话时
台下的译员们却在写写画画？！
其实，学翻译的宝宝们都知道那是在速记啦
口译速记并不是原话照搬
不然那么一长串句子来得及写么！
译员除了要准确理解语义外
还要尽可能做到完美的瞬时记忆
笔记只是记忆的辅助和补充
目的不是再现原文，而是提示记忆
译员们笔下的符号虽然千奇百怪
但大部分都是在前辈们的基础上
结合自己的习惯、个性改造而成的
so ~从零开始
不如省力地“站在巨人的肩膀上”
一起来看看翻译必备的口译速记符号吧
注记符号和缩写
Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.
S = sum
f = frequency
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.
cf = compare
e.g. = example
dept = department
Use only the first syllable of a word.
pol = politics
dem = democracy
lib = liberal
cap = capitalism
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.
pres = presentation
subj = subject
ind = individual
cons = conservative
Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
assoc = associate
biol = biology
info = information
ach = achievement
chem = chemistry
max = maximum
intro = introduction
conc = concentration
min = minimum
rep = repetition
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd = prepared
prblm = problem
estmt = estimate
bkgd = background
gvt = government
Use an apostrophe in place of letters.
am't = amount
cont'd = continued
gov't = government
educat'l = educational
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts = chapters
egs = examples
fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
Use g to represent ing endings.
ckg = checking
estg = establishing
decrg = decreasing
exptg = experimenting
Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
& = and
w/ = with
w/o = without
vs = against
\ = therefore
= = is or equal
Use technical symbols where applicable.
o = degrees
H2O = water
More reference:
Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:
+ plus
// parallel
Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:
mar —— marketing
cus —— customer
cli —— client
Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:
subj —— subject
budg —— budget
ind —— individual
To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:
tech'gy ——technology
gen'ion—— generalisation
del'y ——delivery
Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:
assoc ——associated
ach ——achievement
info—— information
Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:
bkgd—— background
mvmt ——movement
prblm—— problem
Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:
in but as key
Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:
@ —— at
2 —— to
4—— for
& —— and
w/—— with
w/o —— without
vs —— against
Other Symbols and Abbreviations
as a result of / consequences of <--->
resulting in --->
and / also +
equal to / same as =
following ff
most importantly *
less than <
greater than >
especially esp/
常用英语缩略词表
缩略词 —— 原词
APT —— Apartment
ACC —— Accountant
ACDG —— According
ACPT —— Accept
AD —— Advertisement
ADS —— Address
ADV —— Advice
AMAP —— As much/many as possible
AMT —— Amount
APV —— Approve
ASAP —— As soon as possible
BAL —— Balance
BLDG —— Building
CERT —— Certificate
CFM —— Conform
CNCL —— Cancel
CNF —— Conference
CMI —— Commission
CMP —— Complete
CMPE —— Compete/competitive
CMU —— Communication
COND —— Condition
CO. —— Company
DEPT —— Department
DISC —— Discount
DPT —— Departure
EXCH —— Exchange
EXPLN —— Explain
EXT —— Extent
FLT —— Flight
FNT—— Final
FRT —— Freight
FYR—— For your reference
GD —— Good
GUAR —— Guarantee
H.O. —— Home office
INFO —— Information
IMPS —— Impossible
IMP(T) —— Important
INCD —— Include
INDIV —— Individual
INS —— Insurance
INTST —— Interested
I/O —— In stead of
IOU —— I owe you
IVO —— In view of
MANUF —— Manufacture
MDL —— Model
MEMO —— Memorandum
MGR —— Manger
MIN —— Minimum
MKT —— Market
MSG —— Message
NCRY —— Necessary
NLT —— No later than
OBS —— Observe
OBT —— Obtain
ORD —— Ordinary
PAT—— Patent
PC —— Piece
PKG —— Packing
PL —— People
PLS —— Please
POSN —— Position
POSS(BL) —— Possible
PROD —— Product
QLTY —— Quality
QUTY —— Quantity
RCV —— Receive
REF —— Reference
REGL —— Regular
REP —— Representative
RESN —— Reservation
RPT —— Repeat
RESPON —— Responsible
SEC —— Section
SITN —— Situation
STD —— Standard
TEL —— Telephone
TEMP —— Temporary
TGM —— Telegraph
THO —— Though
TKS —— Thanks
TRD —— Trade
TRF —— Traffic
TTL —— Total
U —— You
UR —— Your
WK —— Week
WL —— Will
WT —— Weight
XL —— Extra large
字母和图像
Z表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C 读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为 CZ
P表示政治：politics, political 希腊字母P 读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为 PZ
E表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G表示效率：efficient, effective。G 为效率符号。
Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A表示农业: agriculture. agriculture 经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B表示商业：business。
C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
W表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一个字母。所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
UU看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U 内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3 表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U 中填入1 表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U 上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
O表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO 表示进口，Og 表示出口
C这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over
Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.
T表示"领导人"：leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT
⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium
k这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:
international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
J表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.
数字符号、标点符号
数学符号
+表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more
+3 表示"多"的最高级：most
－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
>表示"多于"概念：
bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
<表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.
表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.
=表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( )表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.
≠表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.
表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.
/表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
标点等
:表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
?表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?
. (dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."
∧表示转折
√表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.
表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
☆表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.
n表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.
& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，
etc.
∥表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
较长单词的处理办法
-ism简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm
-tion简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo
-ing简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg
-ed简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd
-able/ible/ble简写为 bl 例如：available avbl
-ment简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt
-ize简写为 z 例如：recognize regz
-ful简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl
＊部分图片、文字信息来源于网络。
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