【Level 4】【Note】Unit 1

Unit 1 Entertainment

Unit overview

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Describing entertainment options

【Vocabulary】Events

1. a play

a piece of writing performed by actors in a theatre

1. Molly is going to a play this weekend.
2. trying out for a play

2. a musical

a play or film in which all or part of the story is told through singing and sometimes dancing

1. I would like to see a comedy this Saturday, but my husband wants to see a musical.
2. listening to songs from a musical

3. a game

an activity or sport which has rules where people or teams compete against each other

1. Danny goes to every baseball game he can.
2. watching a game on tv.

4. a concert

a musical performance

1. There is a jazz concert in the park next Saturday.
2. going to a concert downtown

5. a lecture

a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular topic

1. A famous professor of physics is giving a lecture at the university tomorrow.
2. attending a lecture at the museum

6. a dance

a social event at which people dance

1. We hold a dance every year to raise money for charity.

7. a movie

a story that is told through moving pictures recorded on film

1. We went to a movie last night about superheros saving the world.
2. seeing a movie together

【Grammar】Gerunds and infinitives

1. Gerunds and infinitives are used to talk about complex ideas. Gerunds are formed with -ing. Infinitives are formed with to + a verb. You can use infinitives and gerunds after certain verbs.
   1）Gerund (verb + -ing):
   e.g.
   Oscar enjoys cooking dinner for Frank.
   2）Infinitive (to + verb):
   e.g.
   Frank plans to eat out.
2. Some verbs can only have gerunds after them, whereas some can only have infinitives. Some verbs can have either gerunds or infinitives.
   1）These verbs can only have an infinitive after them:
   e.g.
   plan
We're planning to go to the soccer game.
want
We want to see the play in the park this week.
need
I need to get some money for the concert.
   2）These verbs can only have a gerund after them:
   e.g.
   enjoy
I enjoy listening to music.
keep
Martin kept playing his guitar until midnight.
think about
We're thinking about going to a concert.
   3）These verbs can have a gerund or an infinitive after them:
   e.g.
   like
I like going to musicals.
I like to go to musicals.
love
Joan loves eating in restaurants.
Joan loves to eat in restaurants.
begin
It began to snow.
It began snowing.
3. Group the verbs according to whether they can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb), a gerund (verb + -ing), or both. Move the text to the correct categories.

【Expressions】Expressing ability

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1. Use the word can with a verb to describe abilities.
   e.g.
   John can drive.

2. Can has two negative forms – can't and cannot. They mean the same thing.
   e.g.
   I can't speak Spanish.
I cannot speak Spanish.

3. Can is usually not stressed in a sentence. Can't is stressed. Listen to the pronunciation of the two words in the sentences. Notice that can is said quickly.
   e.g.
   I can play tennis.
I can't play tennis.

4. The phrase know how to means you have the knowledge or ability to do something. Add not to make it negative.
   e.g.
   I know how to drive.
I don't know how to swim.

5. You can also use the phrases good at and bad at to describe degrees of ability. These phrases are often used with adverbs like really, very and pretty.
   e.g.
   Carol is really good at chess.
James is pretty bad at computer games.

6. You can use the phrase terrible at to describe extremely low ability.
   e.g.
   I'm terrible at driving.

Language note: The word pretty has two meanings. It can mean that someone is physically attractive; if used as an adverb, it strengthens the adjective after it.

【Expressions】Asking about and describing options

1. Use questions like these to ask what people want to do and what activities are available:
   e.g.
   What do you want to do?
What are we going to do tonight?
What's going on?

2. Use the phrases there is and there are with and to list events.
   e.g.
   There's a new movie at the theater and a lecture at the university.
There are some great movies and plays going on this week.

3. Use can and could to introduce possible activities, and or to present choices.
   e.g.
   We can go to the lecture or the movie.
You could go swimming or you could go hiking.

4. Use a question with what else to ask for more choices.
   e.g.
   What else is there to do?
What else is going on?

5. dialog
   e.g.

SUSAN: Hey, Joe. What are we going to do tonight?
JOE: I know! Let's go to that play downtown.
SUSAN: Nah, it's too far .
JOE: Well, what else is going on?
SUSAN: Well, there's a new movie at the theater. It's 'The Big Cheese' with May Jackson.
JOE: Or we could go to the football game.
SUSAN: I do not enjoy watching football games.
JOE: Oh, yeah. So the movie sounds good.
SUSAN: Great!

Talking about upcoming events

【Vocabulary】Places for events

video：https://app.yinxiang.com/shard/s12/nl/2591669/f91e64ee-8e39-493b-a239-ea69545a1490

1. cafe

a place where you can buy drinks and simple meals. Alcohol is not usually served in British or American cafes.

2. aquarium

a building where people can go to see fish and other water creatures

3. restaurant

a place where you can buy and eat a meal
e.g. an Italian restaurant

4. theater

a building or an outdoor area where plays and similar types of entertainment are performed
e.g. Broadway theatres

5. auditorium

a large building or room in which public meetings, concerts, etc. are held

6. bar

a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks
e.g. We met at a bar called the Flamingo.

7. nightclub

a place that is open late in the evening where people can go to dance, drink, etc.

8. stadium

a large sports ground surrounded by rows of seats and usually other buildings
e.g. a football/sports stadium

9. concert hall

a large place to see a music performance
e.g. The orchestra performed at the concert hall in the center of town.

【Grammar】Prepositions of time and place

Three prepositions of time and place are in, on and at.

1. Use in for large areas or periods of time, like countries or years.
   e.g.
   Beijing is in China.
They came here in 2005.
2. Use on for smaller areas, like streets, and for days and dates.
   e.g.
   I live on Main Street.
The lecture is on Monday.
My birthday is on April 17th.
3. Use at for addresses, businesses and buildings; and for precise periods of time.
   e.g.
   His house is at 465 Pine Street.
The concert is at 5 p.m.
The lecture is at the auditorium.
4. Use in with morning, afternoon and evening. Use at with night, midnight and noon.
   e.g.
   In the morning, I'm very tired.
At night, I like to read.
5. Group the items depending on whether they go with in, on or at. Move the text to the correct categories.
   e.g.

【Expressions】Asking for help

1. Use the following questions with Could you to ask for help.
   e.g.
   Could you do me a favor?
Could you help me?

2. You can use these expressions to agree to someone's request for help.
   e.g.
   Sure.
No problem.
OK.

3. If you can't help the person, you can apologize with I'm sorry, but and then give a reason.
   e.g.
   I'm sorry, but I'm really busy right now.
I'm really sorry, but I can't help you.

【Reading】Reading about events

1. When you are reading descriptions of events, try to scan through the information quickly and find key words. Don't spend a lot of time on words that you don't understand. Concentrate on the words you do understand.
   1、Here are some categories of key words.
   1）Event names:
   e.g.
   concert, picnic, lecture, play, musical
   2）Event places:
   e.g.
   auditorium, theater, aquarium, concert hall
   3）Times and dates:
   e.g.
   on February 6, in the evening, at 5 o'clock
   4）Places:
   e.g.
   at Martina's restaurant, in Central Park, on 5th Street
   2、Here are some other possible key words.
   e.g.
   admission, perform, start, ticket, available

2. Proper nouns
   We use proper nouns to name things – people, businesses or places, for example. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter, which makes them easy to spot. Do not let these nouns confuse you. Look in their names for words you understand. For example, in Central Park, you see the word park, which you know. In the following proper nouns, the key words for kinds of places are in bold. Use these words to help you understand the phrase.
   e.g.
   The Monterey Bay Aquarium
The Empire State Building
Harry's Bar and Grill

3. Look at the paragraph to see how powerful a strategy using key words is. You don't have to read every word to understand a paragraph. You just need to understand the key words. In the following paragraph, the key words are in bold.
   e.g.

Concert in the Park
On Saturday, June 23rd, the Springfield Orchestra is going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.
The concert starts at 3 p.m. in Springfield Park. Admission is $5 for adults and $1 for children.
Tickets are available online at www.springfield.orchestra.com.

4. Group the items according to whether they are events, times or places. Move the text to the correct categories.
   e.g.

5. Read the questions, then look for key words in the reading text to answer the questions quickly. Don't worry about words you do not know. Concentrate on the key words that you do understand. Select the correct answer.

Planning a night out with friends

【Vocabulary】Adjectives to describe events

video：https://app.yinxiang.com/shard/s12/nl/2591669/0a351cdc-8083-4c45-a979-db8c7fc290a0

1. Many adjectives you can use to describe events end in -ing. They come from verbs. For example, the adjective relaxing comes from the verb relax.
   e.g.
   interesting
boring
relaxing
exciting
surprising

2. Here are some other adjectives that describe events.
   e.g.
   fun
incredible
loud
quiet
wonderful
terrible

3. One way to remember adjectives is to learn their opposites at the same time.
   e.g.
   interesting - boring
relaxing - exciting
loud - quiet
wonderful - terrible

4. dialog
   e.g.

JIM: Hi, Ann! Hey, how was your vacation? You went to New York, right?
ANN: Yeah.
JIM: How was it?
ANN: Oh, I love New York! It's a really exciting city.
JIM: Hmm. It's too big and too loud for me. So, what did you do in New York?
ANN: Well, we went to a musical. That was fun ! And we ate at some really interesting restaurants. The food was delicious .
JIM: It sounds wonderful .
ANN: And the Museum of Modern Art was incredible !
JIM: That's great! Well, I have a meeting. See you later.
ANN: Bye.

【Grammar】'Why' and 'because'

1. Use the question word why to ask for a reason. Use the word because to give a reason.
   e.g.
   A: Why did you go to Paris?
B: I went to Paris because it's beautiful!

2. The word because introduces a clause with a reason – because it's beautiful, for example. It is used with another clause, the main clause, that gives the topic of the sentence – I went to Paris, for example. Here are some more examples.
   e.g.

Main clause	Reason clause
I go to that restaurant	because it's cheap, and the food is delicious.
I love surfing	because it's exciting.
I go to concerts	because I enjoy classical music.

3. In spoken English, it's common to answer a question using only the clause with because. The main clause (I went to Paris) is understood.
   e.g.
   A: Why did you go to Paris?
B: Because it's beautiful!

【Vocabulary】 Movie genres

1. comedy

a play or film/movie that is intended to be funny, usually with a happy ending; plays and films/movies of this type
e.g. a romantic comedy

2. romance

a story about a love affair
e.g. She's a compulsive reader of romances.

3. classic

a book, film/movie or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting standards for other books, etc
e.g. English classics such as 'Alice in Wonderland'

4. drama

a play for the theatre, television or radio
e.g. a costume/historical, etc. drama

5. horror

a type of book, film/movie, etc. that is designed to frighten people
e.g. In this section you'll find horror and science fiction.

【Expressions】Suggesting activities

There are several ways to make suggestions for activities.

1. 'Let's' + base form of verb
   e.g.
   Let's go to the dance performance.

2. 'How about' or 'what about' + verb + '-ing'
   e.g
   What about meeting some friends?

3. 'Could' + base form of verb
   e.g.
   We could go out for a drink at Harry's Bar.

4. 'Why don't we' + base form of verb
   e.g.
   Why don't we try a new restaurant?

【Final Task】 Planning a night out with friends

You are talking with your friend John. You do not have any plans for the evening yet. You really want to go out somewhere. You definitely don't want to stay at home. Listen and record the correct response. When you see a blank, give true information about yourself.

video：https://app.yinxiang.com/shard/s12/nl/2591669/991d94cd-e228-40a3-8625-676cd566c699

Going to the movies

【Grammar】Future with the simple present

viedo：https://app.yinxiang.com/shard/s12/nl/2591669/bee5969d-20ff-4cb1-9231-f30fcf8eb1c1

You can sometimes use the simple present when talking about the future. This is most common when referring to events that are part of a schedule, timetable or event calendar. Verbs that mark the beginning or end of an event – begin and close, for example – often appear in the simple present future.

1. Simple present for the beginning of an event:
   begin
start
open
   e.g.
   The dance performance begins at 8 o'clock tonight.
Harold's Department Store opens at 9 a.m. tomorrow.
2. Simple present for the end of an event:
   close
end
be over
finish
   e.g.
   The movie is over at 9:15 p.m.
She closes her shop at 6 o'clock.

Language note: Remember that after he, she and it, verbs in the simple present have an s. Example:
The movie ends at midnight.

【Expressions】Asking for information about movies

1. When you want to go to a movie, you need some basic information about it. You need to know when it starts, where it is and how much it costs. You also need to know where to buy tickets. Use the following questions to get this information.
   e.g.
   Can you give me some information?
Do you have a website?
Can I buy tickets online?
What's your address?
What time is the next show?
Are tickets still available?
How much are tickets?

2. dialog
   e.g.

EMPLOYEE: Good afternoon. Springdale Theater.
NANCY: Good afternoon. Can you give me some information about the film 'Mommy Mommy'?
EMPLOYEE: Certainly. What would you like to know?
NANCY: When is the next show ?
EMPLOYEE: It's at 3:15.
NANCY: That's good. And are there still tickets for it?
EMPLOYEE: Yes. That's not a problem. Afternoons are never sold out .
NANCY: OK. And can I buy tickets online?
EMPLOYEE: Yes, just go to our website , www.springdaletheater.com.
NANCY: Thanks! Oh, and how much are tickets for adults and children?
EMPLOYEE: Adults are $13, and kids are $6.

【Expressions】Expressions irritation

There are many ways to express irritation. The primary way is to increase the volume of your voice. This communicates strong emotion.

1. Repetition
   Another way to express irritation is to repeat a phrase for emphasis.
   e.g.
   OK, OK. I'm coming. I'm coming.
2. Expressing disbelief
   You can also communicate irritation by saying you don't believe someone did something.
   e.g.
   I don't believe it!
I can't believe it!
3. Exaggeration
   You can also express irritation by exaggerating how often a person makes mistakes. Use the words always and never to exaggerate. Stress those words to emphasize the frequency.
   e.g.
   Jake always forgets.
Mary never helps me.
4. Expressing strong irritation
   You can express stronger irritation by using adjectives like stupid or crazy. If you use these words to describe a person, you are going beyond irritation to anger. Be careful when you use these words because they may hurt someone's feelings.
   e.g.
   This is stupid!
Are you crazy?