一、引言
一直用arcgis javascript的二次开发,经常使用它的一些服务WMS、WMTS、WFS、MapService等,并没有深入了解这些服务内部机制,直到最近学习了geoserver,由于毕竟它是开源的要遵循行业老大OGC制定的标准,这样通用性比较强一些,所以发的服务基本都是WMS、WTMS、WFS、WCS==
so了解这些东西是必须的了,后悔当时没有跟遥感院第一美男老师好好学啊,现在开始看着还是懵逼状态,硬着头皮看完梳理了一下==
二、WMS服务发布
这里可以用geoserver发布,也可以用arcgisserver或者mapserver,由于我经常使用arcgis,这里用了arcgis server发布的。发布很简单==
这里只要比正常发布的时候多勾个选项就可以了。发布后的服务如下面右图:
三、WMS服务中的操作
WMS requests can perform the following operations:
3.1GetCapabilities(获取服务中的要素类及支持的操作)
3.1.1基本介绍
The GetCapabilities operation requests metadata about the operations, services, and data (“capabilities”) that are offered by a WMS server.
The parameters for the GetCapabilities operation are:
3.1.2举例介绍
请求方式:http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WMSServer?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities
这里主要就是三个参数,request就是WMS的操作方法,这里是GetCapabilities
请求结果:
这里看着比较复杂,一下子肯定看不懂,后面可以慢慢理解,这个内容很有用的==
<WMS_Capabilities xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wms" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:esri_wms="http://www.esri.com/wms" version="1.3.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wms http://schemas.opengis.net/wms/1.3.0/capabilities_1_3_0.xsd http://www.esri.com/wms http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?version=1.3.0%26service=WMS%26request=GetSchemaExtension"> <Service> <Name> WMS ]]> Name> <Title> tttt_tt ]]> Title> <Abstract>WMSAbstract> <KeywordList> <Keyword> ]]> Keyword> KeywordList> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?"/> <ContactInformation> <ContactPersonPrimary> <ContactPerson> ]]> ContactPerson> <ContactOrganization> ]]> ContactOrganization> ContactPersonPrimary> <ContactPosition> ]]> ContactPosition> <ContactAddress> <AddressType> ]]> AddressType> <Address> ]]> Address> <City> ]]> City> <StateOrProvince> ]]> StateOrProvince> <PostCode> ]]> PostCode> <Country> ]]> Country> ContactAddress> <ContactVoiceTelephone> ]]> ContactVoiceTelephone> <ContactFacsimileTelephone> ]]> ContactFacsimileTelephone> <ContactElectronicMailAddress> ]]> ContactElectronicMailAddress> ContactInformation> <Fees> ]]> Fees> <AccessConstraints> ]]> AccessConstraints> <MaxWidth>4096MaxWidth> <MaxHeight>4096MaxHeight> Service> <Capability> <Request> <GetCapabilities> <Format>application/vnd.ogc.wms_xmlFormat> <Format>text/xmlFormat> <DCPType> <HTTP> <Get> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?"/> Get> HTTP> DCPType> GetCapabilities> <GetMap> <Format>image/bmpFormat> <Format>image/jpegFormat> <Format>image/tiffFormat> <Format>image/pngFormat> <Format>image/png8Format> <Format>image/png24Format> <Format>image/png32Format> <Format>image/gifFormat> <Format>image/svg+xmlFormat> <DCPType> <HTTP> <Get> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?"/> Get> HTTP> DCPType> GetMap> <GetFeatureInfo> <Format>application/vnd.esri.wms_raw_xmlFormat> <Format>application/vnd.esri.wms_featureinfo_xmlFormat> <Format>application/vnd.ogc.wms_xmlFormat> <Format>text/xmlFormat> <Format>text/htmlFormat> <Format>text/plainFormat> <DCPType> <HTTP> <Get> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?"/> Get> HTTP> DCPType> GetFeatureInfo> <esri_wms:GetStyles> <Format>application/vnd.ogc.sld+xmlFormat> <DCPType> <HTTP> <Get> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?"/> Get> HTTP> DCPType> esri_wms:GetStyles> Request> <Exception> <Format>application/vnd.ogc.se_xmlFormat> <Format>application/vnd.ogc.se_inimageFormat> <Format>application/vnd.ogc.se_blankFormat> <Format>text/xmlFormat> <Format>XMLFormat> Exception> <Layer> <Title> Layers ]]> Title> <CRS>CRS:84CRS> <CRS>EPSG:4326CRS> <CRS>EPSG:32650CRS> <EX_GeographicBoundingBox> <westBoundLongitude>72.000005westBoundLongitude> <eastBoundLongitude>136.586229eastBoundLongitude> <southBoundLatitude>5.321307southBoundLatitude> <northBoundLatitude>53.732456northBoundLatitude> EX_GeographicBoundingBox> <BoundingBox CRS="CRS:84" minx="72.000005" miny="5.321307" maxx="136.586229" maxy="53.732456"/> <BoundingBox CRS="EPSG:4326" minx="5.321307" miny="72.000005" maxx="53.732456" maxy="136.586229"/> <BoundingBox CRS="EPSG:32650" minx="-3349539.763368" miny="699938.732971" maxx="1835172.302520" maxy="5953755.302927"/> <Layer queryable="1"> <Name>0Name> <Title> utm_wgs84 ]]> Title> <Abstract> utm_wgs84 ]]> Abstract> <CRS>CRS:84CRS> <CRS>EPSG:4326CRS> <CRS>EPSG:32650CRS> <EX_GeographicBoundingBox> <westBoundLongitude>72.000005westBoundLongitude> <eastBoundLongitude>136.586229eastBoundLongitude> <southBoundLatitude>5.321307southBoundLatitude> <northBoundLatitude>53.732456northBoundLatitude> EX_GeographicBoundingBox> <BoundingBox CRS="CRS:84" minx="72.000005" miny="5.321307" maxx="136.586229" maxy="53.732456"/> <BoundingBox CRS="EPSG:4326" minx="5.321307" miny="72.000005" maxx="53.732456" maxy="136.586229"/> <BoundingBox CRS="EPSG:32650" minx="-3349539.763368" miny="699938.732971" maxx="1835172.302520" maxy="5953755.302927"/> <Style> <Name>defaultName> <Title>0Title> <LegendURL width="16" height="16"> <Format>image/pngFormat> <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WmsServer?request=GetLegendGraphic%26version=1.3.0%26format=image/png%26layer=0" xlink:type="simple"/> LegendURL> Style> Layer> Layer> Capability> WMS_Capabilities>
3.2GetMap(获取地图)
3.2.1基本介绍
The GetMap operation requests that the server generate a map. The core parameters specify one or more layers and styles to appear on the map, a bounding box for the map extent, a target spatial reference system, and a width, height, and format for the output. The information needed to specify values for parameters such as layers, styles and srs can be obtained from the Capabilities document.
The response is a map image, or other map output artifact, depending on the format requested. GeoServer provides a wide variety of output formats, described in WMS output formats.
The standard parameters for the GetMap operation are:
3.2.2举例介绍
请求方式:http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WMSServer?version=1.3.0&request=getmap&layers=0&styles=default&crs=4326&bbox=110,35,120,45&width=300&height=300&format=image/png
这里需要注意的是,layers名字要写正确,crs坐标系,bbox图片范围,height图片高像素,width图片宽像素,format这个就不用多说了吧。其实填充的这些参数你都可以在上面GetCapabilities 请求结果中找到==
请求结果:
3.3GetFeatureInfo(根据地图上的像素点获取更详细的要素信息,类似Identify功能)
3.3.1基本介绍
The GetFeatureInfo operation requests the spatial and attribute data for the features at a given location on a map. It is similar to the WFS GetFeature operation, but less flexible in both input and output. Since GeoServer provides a WFS service we recommend using it instead of GetFeatureInfo whenever possible.
The one advantage of GetFeatureInfo is that the request uses an (x,y) pixel value from a returned WMS image. This is easier to use for a naive client that is not able to perform true geographic referencing.
The standard parameters for the GetFeatureInfo operation are:
3.3.2举例介绍
请求方式:http://localhost:6080/arcgis/services/tttt/tt/MapServer/WMSServer?VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetFeatureInfo&QUERY_LAYERS=0&BBOX=110,35,120,45&crs=4326&INFO_FORMAT=text/html&I=200&J=100&WIDTH=256&HEIGHT=256
这里需要注意的参数QUERY_LAYERS请求的图层,BBOX图片的范围,INFO_FORMAT返回数据格式,I图片的像素横坐标,J图片像素纵坐标,width与height同getmap函数一样。同理这里的参数都可以在GetCapabilities中查找到奥==
还有一点要注意的是version版本问题要注意对上,网上很多资料由于版本不一致导致不能使用,并不是写错了==
请求结果:
四、总结
- 学习WMS迫在眉睫;
- arcgis server发布WMS服务;
- WMS中的三种操作方法介绍与举例。
参考链接:
1、OGC——WMS详细介绍(arcgis server举例)
2、WMS GetMap GetCapabilities 参数详解