《经济学人》 解读（4）Making profits out of hope.

图片发自《经济学人》

A definiting image of the new wave of globalization-and the attempts to hold it back -is  a newly arrived migrant on a European beach, clutching  a mobile phone and hoping for  a new life. Never before have rich countries raised thier walls so high to keep out refugees and the poor.Yet never have people tried so hard to leap over them anyway.

欧洲尝试去阻止的全球化浪潮的一个典型形象就是一个在欧洲海滩紧握着手机并且渴望新生活的新来的移民。以前富裕的国家从来没有竖起高高的围墙阻止难民和穷人的到来。难民和穷人也从来没有如此费力地越过围墙。

1.defining adj.最典型的，起决定作用的       defining image of  …最典型的形象

2.wave of globalization 全球化浪潮 the attempts to hold it back的 it =the new wave of globalization,这个插入语是来解释the new wave of globalization的。

3.hold back 隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止 leap over 越过，跳过

4.refugee 难民

5.后面的两个句子 都是倒装句，否定副词或否定短语放在句首，句子应该部分倒装。这类表示否定意义的词有 never ,seldom,scarcely,little,few,hardly以及not only…but also, no sooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等等

The most important causes of this migration  are wars  in places like Syria and Somalia,and demography and poor prospects across Africa and the Middle East.New enablers are vital too：moblie phones,the Internet,whatsApp and Facebook.

促成这次移民的最重要因素是像叙利亚、索马里这些地方的战乱，还有非洲和中东地区的人口问题和惨淡的前景。新式的推动者也同样重要：移动电话，互联网，WhatsApp和Facebook。

6.Syria  叙利亚       Somalia  索马里

7.demography [U]人口学，人口统计学

  poor prospect  暗淡的前景

8.enabler n.使能器，使能者；促成者，赋能者

People-smuggling is just another part of the vast decentralized organized-crime economy.Those  in the trade  are not necessarily evil or part of  a grand conspiracy：they  are ordinary folk drawn into organized crime by profits and the prospect of  a better life.And polices,particularly  in Europe,that are interested to stop migration often have the effect only of rendering it more exploitative and dangerous.

偷渡者只是这庞大分散，有组织的犯罪经济的另一部分。交易中的那些人不一定是恶人，不一定是这阴谋集团中的一份子：他们被利益和对美好生活的期望吸引而参与有组织犯罪的平民百姓。对阻止移民感兴趣的尤其是欧洲的政策，经常只会起到使这件事情变得更加具有剥削性和危险性质的作用。

9.people-smuggling 偷渡者

10.decentralized 去中心的，分散化的

11.conspiracy 阴谋，密谋

12.ordinary folk 普通人

13.render v.使成为，使变得…，使处于（某种状态）；致使

     render sb/sth impossible/harmless

      eg.He was rendered almost speechless  by the news.听到这个消息他几乎说不出话来。