Mysql 系列文章主页
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刚开始学习 Mysql 锁的时候,觉得 Mysql 使用的是行锁,再加上其默认的可重复读的隔离级别,那就应该能够自动解决并发事务更新的问题。可事实上,并不能解决!
可是,为什么不能解决呢?
带着问题,自己写了个简单Demo,来测试并分析其中道理:
Demo 代码路径:https://github.com/cyhbyw/cyh_Spring_IsolationConcurrencyTransaction
Demo 工程名称:usingMybatis
0 准备工作
工程中所有文件如下图所示;
代码运行前,注意设置数据库的用户名和密码,同时,需要运行 test.sql 文件中的脚本用以初始化数据;
1 测试
1.1 业务代码
1 @Transactional(rollbackFor = RuntimeException.class) 2 public void increaseMoney(Integer id) { 3 Employee employee = employeeMapper.findById(id); 4 final Integer oldMoney = employee.getMoney(); 5 LOGGER.info("oldMoney: {}", oldMoney); 6 employee.setMoney(oldMoney + 1); 7 employeeMapper.updateEmployee(employee); 8 }
代码说明:
- 第1行,添加事务
- 第3行,取出数据
- 第4,5行,取出旧的Money值并记录日志
- 第6行,为 Employee 对象设置新的值(就是+1操作)
- 第7行,执行Sql更新
1.2 测试代码
1 private void increaseMoney() { 2 int threadCount = 100; 3 while (threadCount-- > 0) { 4 new Thread(() -> employeeService.increaseMoney(1)).start(); 5 } 6 }
代码说明:
- 启了 100 根线程去调用业务方法
- 每个线程将 Money+1,理论上,最后的Money=100(初始值为0)
1.3 测试结果
预期结果:100,实际结果:22
提示:22这个值不固定(因为是多线程访问嘛,而线程的执行是由CPU决定的,具有一定波动性)
1.4 程序日志
1 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-83] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 2 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-18] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 3 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-19] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 4 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-54] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 5 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-15] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 6 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-52] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 7 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-17] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 8 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-55] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 9 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-53] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 10 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-20] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 11 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-43] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 12 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-2] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 13 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-56] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 14 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-8] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 15 2018-04-25 11:32:05,416 INFO [Thread-16] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 0 16 2018-04-25 11:32:05,462 INFO [Thread-14] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 1 17 2018-04-25 11:32:05,527 INFO [Thread-27] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 2 18 2018-04-25 11:32:05,534 INFO [Thread-26] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 2 19 2018-04-25 11:32:05,534 INFO [Thread-22] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 2 20 2018-04-25 11:32:05,535 INFO [Thread-23] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 2 21 2018-04-25 11:32:05,534 INFO [Thread-24] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 2 22 2018-04-25 11:32:05,538 INFO [Thread-29] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 23 2018-04-25 11:32:05,538 INFO [Thread-25] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 24 2018-04-25 11:32:05,540 INFO [Thread-32] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 25 2018-04-25 11:32:05,541 INFO [Thread-30] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 26 2018-04-25 11:32:05,540 INFO [Thread-28] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 27 2018-04-25 11:32:05,542 INFO [Thread-31] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 28 2018-04-25 11:32:05,542 INFO [Thread-33] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 3 29 2018-04-25 11:32:05,548 INFO [Thread-37] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 4 30 2018-04-25 11:32:05,550 INFO [Thread-21] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 4 31 2018-04-25 11:32:05,550 INFO [Thread-34] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 4 32 2018-04-25 11:32:05,575 INFO [Thread-39] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 5 33 2018-04-25 11:32:05,575 INFO [Thread-38] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 5 34 2018-04-25 11:32:05,576 INFO [Thread-41] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 5 35 2018-04-25 11:32:05,575 INFO [Thread-40] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 5 36 2018-04-25 11:32:05,577 INFO [Thread-42] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 5 37 2018-04-25 11:32:05,577 INFO [Thread-44] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 6 38 2018-04-25 11:32:05,578 INFO [Thread-45] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 6 39 2018-04-25 11:32:05,602 INFO [Thread-35] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 7 40 2018-04-25 11:32:05,603 INFO [Thread-13] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 7 41 2018-04-25 11:32:05,604 INFO [Thread-36] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 7 42 2018-04-25 11:32:05,604 INFO [Thread-12] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 8 43 2018-04-25 11:32:05,605 INFO [Thread-10] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 8 44 2018-04-25 11:32:05,606 INFO [Thread-9] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 9 45 2018-04-25 11:32:05,606 INFO [Thread-6] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 9 46 2018-04-25 11:32:05,606 INFO [Thread-1] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 9 47 2018-04-25 11:32:05,644 INFO [Thread-47] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 48 2018-04-25 11:32:05,644 INFO [Thread-48] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 49 2018-04-25 11:32:05,644 INFO [Thread-46] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 50 2018-04-25 11:32:05,649 INFO [Thread-49] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 51 2018-04-25 11:32:05,650 INFO [Thread-75] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 52 2018-04-25 11:32:05,651 INFO [Thread-76] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 53 2018-04-25 11:32:05,651 INFO [Thread-50] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 10 54 2018-04-25 11:32:05,686 INFO [Thread-79] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 55 2018-04-25 11:32:05,686 INFO [Thread-78] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 56 2018-04-25 11:32:05,686 INFO [Thread-77] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 57 2018-04-25 11:32:05,693 INFO [Thread-80] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 58 2018-04-25 11:32:05,693 INFO [Thread-100] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 59 2018-04-25 11:32:05,693 INFO [Thread-81] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 60 2018-04-25 11:32:05,694 INFO [Thread-51] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 61 2018-04-25 11:32:05,694 INFO [Thread-82] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 11 62 2018-04-25 11:32:05,737 INFO [Thread-59] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 63 2018-04-25 11:32:05,738 INFO [Thread-58] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 64 2018-04-25 11:32:05,739 INFO [Thread-57] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 65 2018-04-25 11:32:05,746 INFO [Thread-60] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 66 2018-04-25 11:32:05,746 INFO [Thread-99] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 67 2018-04-25 11:32:05,746 INFO [Thread-62] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 68 2018-04-25 11:32:05,748 INFO [Thread-61] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 12 69 2018-04-25 11:32:05,786 INFO [Thread-63] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 70 2018-04-25 11:32:05,786 INFO [Thread-66] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 71 2018-04-25 11:32:05,786 INFO [Thread-64] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 72 2018-04-25 11:32:05,792 INFO [Thread-65] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 73 2018-04-25 11:32:05,792 INFO [Thread-97] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 74 2018-04-25 11:32:05,792 INFO [Thread-98] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 75 2018-04-25 11:32:05,792 INFO [Thread-68] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 76 2018-04-25 11:32:05,792 INFO [Thread-96] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 13 77 2018-04-25 11:32:05,839 INFO [Thread-95] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 78 2018-04-25 11:32:05,840 INFO [Thread-92] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 79 2018-04-25 11:32:05,839 INFO [Thread-93] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 80 2018-04-25 11:32:05,860 INFO [Thread-94] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 81 2018-04-25 11:32:05,862 INFO [Thread-67] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 82 2018-04-25 11:32:05,861 INFO [Thread-89] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 83 2018-04-25 11:32:05,867 INFO [Thread-91] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 14 84 2018-04-25 11:32:05,887 INFO [Thread-90] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 15 85 2018-04-25 11:32:05,890 INFO [Thread-88] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 16 86 2018-04-25 11:32:05,893 INFO [Thread-85] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 17 87 2018-04-25 11:32:05,893 INFO [Thread-86] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 17 88 2018-04-25 11:32:05,894 INFO [Thread-84] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 17 89 2018-04-25 11:32:05,894 INFO [Thread-87] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 18 90 2018-04-25 11:32:05,895 INFO [Thread-5] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 18 91 2018-04-25 11:32:05,896 INFO [Thread-4] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 19 92 2018-04-25 11:32:05,935 INFO [Thread-71] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 93 2018-04-25 11:32:05,935 INFO [Thread-70] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 94 2018-04-25 11:32:05,936 INFO [Thread-73] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 95 2018-04-25 11:32:05,941 INFO [Thread-69] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 96 2018-04-25 11:32:05,941 INFO [Thread-74] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 97 2018-04-25 11:32:05,941 INFO [Thread-72] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 98 2018-04-25 11:32:05,941 INFO [Thread-7] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 20 99 2018-04-25 11:32:05,978 INFO [Thread-11] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 21 100 2018-04-25 11:32:05,978 INFO [Thread-3] (EmployeeService.java:27) - oldMoney: 21
日志分析:
- 日志中第1到15行,它们的 oldMoney 全部等于0
- 说明对应的15根线程在同一时间读到了相同的值0
- 这15根线程给Money设置的新值都是 0+1=1
- 这15根线程再分别执行Sql更新操作,期间可能会竞争Mysql的行锁
2 不能解决的原因分析
现在来分析一下为什么Mysql的行锁加上可重复读不能解决并发事务的更新问题
可重复读:表示的是在同一个事务内,所有的读取操作返回相同的数据,也就是不感知外部事务对数据的变更。假设事务A是当前事务,事务B是外部事务,事务A现在读取到 Money=10,接下来,事务B也读到值为10同时将其更新为11,但是对于事务A来说,它不能感知到外部事务对数据的变更,所以,事务A还是错误地认为当前 Money=10 并将其更新为11,于是,事务A覆盖了事务B的提交,从而造成更新丢失。
至于行锁,这只是用来保证并发事务更新时的先后顺序。比如,事务B在将Money=10更新为11时,如果正在这个更新期间(假设更新时间比较长)事务A也想做更新操作,则事务A将被阻塞,直到事务B更新完成后事务A才能更新,它与数据本身(事务A的、事务B的)没有任何关系。
由此可见,虽然 Mysql 是行锁且默认是可重复读,但是对于并发事务的更新操作,仍然会出现更新丢失问题,解决办法是——锁。