主要内容：
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一、fdisk命令中参数介绍
二、将/dev/sdd整个磁盘划成一个文件分区
三、删除整个分区
四、创建两个分区，分区一200M，分区二800M
五、创建主分区、扩展分区、逻辑分区
六、使用单个分区的方式进行格式化分区
七、挂载分区
八、配置开启自动挂载分区
九、挂载光驱
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一、fdisk命令中参数介绍：
Command (m forhelp): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
二、将/dev/sdd 整个磁盘划成一个文件分区
[root@db01 ~]# fdisk/dev/sdd
Command(m for help): p ###查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x0814ae42
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p ###创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 ###分区号为1
First cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默认为1
Using default value1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): ###柱面默认为最大130 （即使用全部剩余空间）
Using default value130
Command(m for help): w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
The partition tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
三、删除整个分区
Command(m for help):p ###查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x0814ae42
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Command(m for help): d ###删除分区
Selectedpartition1 ###只有一个分区时，默认删除
Command(m for help): w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
The partition tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
四、创建两个分区，分区一200M，分区二800M
[root@db01 ~]# fdisk/dev/sdd
WARNING:DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') andchange display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p ###创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 ###分区号为1
First cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默认为1
Using default value1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p ###创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 2 ###分区号为2
First cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默认为27
Using default value27
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default130): ###柱面默认为最大130（即使用全部剩余空间）
Using default value130
Command (m forhelp): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x0814ae42
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 26 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2 27 130 835380 83 Linux
Command(m for help): w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
The partition tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
五、创建主分区、扩展分区、逻辑分区
[root@db01 ~]# fdisk/dev/sdd
WARNING:DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') andchange display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p ###创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 ###分区号为1
First cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默认为1
Using default value1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e ###创建扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 2 ###分区号为2
First cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默认为27
Using default value27
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default130): ###柱面默认为最大130 （即使用全部剩余空间）扩展分区必须是剩余全部空间
Using default value130
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l ###创建逻辑分区
First cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默认为27
Using default value27
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l ###创建逻辑分区
First cylinder (53-130, default 53): ###柱面默认为53
Using default value53
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (53-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l ###创建逻辑分区
First cylinder (79-130, default 79): ###柱面默认为79
Using default value79
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (79-130, default130): ###柱面默认为最大130（即使用全部剩余空间）
Using default value130
Command (m forhelp): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x0814ae42
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 26 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2 27 130 835380 5 Extended
/dev/sdd5 27 52 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd6 53 78 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd7 79 130 417658+ 83 Linux
Command(m for help):w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
六、使用单个分区的方式进行格式化分区
[root@db01 ~]# fdisk-l /dev/sdd
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x0814ae42
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
[root@db01~]# partprobe /dev/sdd #将分区信息写入磁盘
[root@db01 ~]# ls-lsa /dev/sdd*
0 brw-rw----. 1 rootdisk 8, 48 Nov 21 11:02 /dev/sdd
0 brw-rw----. 1 rootdisk 8, 49 Nov 21 11:02 /dev/sdd1
格式化分区：
（1）mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdd1 (这种方法不方便，不推荐使用)
（2）mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
[root@db01 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.41.12(17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096(log=2)
Fragment size=4096(log=2)
Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks
65280 inodes, 261048blocks
13052 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystemblocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks pergroup, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes pergroup
Superblock backupsstored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Writing inodetables: done
Creating journal(4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocksand filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem willbe automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichevercomes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i tooverride.
七、挂载分区
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir/alexpeng
[root@db01 ~]# mount/dev/sdd1 /alexpeng
[root@db01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 45G 4.4G 39G 11% /
tmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/sdb2 79G 184M 75G 1% /oracle
/dev/sdb1 20G 172M 19G 1% /soft
/dev/sdd1 1004M 18M 936M 2% /alexpeng
[root@db01 ~]# cd/alexpeng/
[root@db01alexpeng]# mkdir test
[root@db01alexpeng]# ls
lost+found test
[root@db01alexpeng]# cd test
[root@db01 test]#touch 1
[root@db01 test]# ls
1
[root@db01 test]# cd/
[root@db01 /]#umount /alexpeng/
八、配置开启自动挂载分区
[root@db01 /]# vi/etc/fstab
UUID=3e8b0960-23d2-48f3-8661-3f24ce85e9e6/ ext4 defaults 1 1
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdd1 /alexpeng ext4 defaults 0 0
测试配置是否正确
[root@db01 /]#umount /alexpeng/
[root@db01 /]# mount/alexpeng/
如果不正确出现以下信息：
[root@db01 /]# mount/alexpeng/
mount: can't find/alexpeng/ in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
注：（1）tmpfs类型：临时文件，默认为内存的一半，调优时根据实际进行调整。
（2）UUID 是mkfs执行时生成的ID
[root@db01 /]# lsblk -f ##fstab中的UUID来自以下文件
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sr0
sda
|-sda1 ext4 303c8d3c-ec73-418b-8ad4-6fbf541b65b0/boot
|-sda2 swap e64234e4-fe04-4d35-ada4-d8be48ceef4f[SWAP]
`-sda3 ext4 3e8b0960-23d2-48f3-8661-3f24ce85e9e6 /
sdb
|-sdb1 ext4 b630b5c1-fa7f-435e-93ef-374730511674/soft
`-sdb2 ext4 94296492-f293-4409-9dbe-8de35f62d16e/oracle
`-sdd1 ext4 b346b7a3-9a8c-4d83-88d1-1853af298fe2
九、挂载光驱
[root@db01 /]# touch 1.iso ###创建iso格式的文件
[root@db01 /]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /1.iso /mnt #挂载ISO格式，光驱为回环设备 。此处为文件系统类型错误。
mount: wrong fstype, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0,
missing codepage or helper program, orother error
In some cases useful info is found insyslog - try
dmesg | tail or so
[root@db01 /]#
[root@db01 /]# mount-t iso9660 /1.iso /mnt
mount: /1.iso is nota block device (maybe try `-o loop'?)
[root@db01/]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt ###挂载光驱
mount: block device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@db01/]# cd /mnt ###检查是否挂载成功
[root@db01 mnt]# ls
EFI EULA_pt RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html images
......
[root@db01 /]# umount /dev/cdrom ###卸载光驱。 umount /mnt 也可以卸载光驱
[root@db01 /]#
[root@db01/]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt ###挂载光驱
mount: block device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@db01 /]#
[root@db01/]# eject /dev/cdrom ###弹出光驱