ORM思想
ORM 即 Object-Relational Mapping,对象关系映射。简单来说就是通过操作对应的实体类来操作表的思想。
实现了ORM思想的框架:hibernate 等
JPA概述
JPA的全称是Java Persistence API, 即Java 持久化API。JPA是一种基于orm思想的规范,是由接口和抽象类组成的;
SpringDataJpa
1.SpringDataJpa与 Jpa 和 hibernate 的关系:
SpringDataJpa只是jpa规范的进一步封装,底层也需要hibernate等框架的实现
2.SpringDataJpa入门:
(1) 引入依赖
<properties> <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASEspring.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Finalhibernate.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6mysql.version> properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junitgroupId> <artifactId>junitartifactId> <version>4.9version> <scope>testscope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectjgroupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId> <version>1.6.8version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-context-supportartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-ormartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-beansartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernategroupId> <artifactId>hibernate-coreartifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernategroupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanagerartifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernategroupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validatorartifactId> <version>5.2.1.Finalversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0groupId> <artifactId>c3p0artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4jgroupId> <artifactId>log4jartifactId> <version>${log4j.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId> <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysqlgroupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId> <version>${mysql.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.datagroupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpaartifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASEversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-testartifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASEversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.elgroupId> <artifactId>javax.el-apiartifactId> <version>2.2.4version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.webgroupId> <artifactId>javax.elartifactId> <version>2.2.4version> dependency> dependencies>
(2) SpringDataJpa与Spring整合的配置文件
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.myjava.jpa.entity" /> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="generateDdl" value="false" /> <property name="database" value="MYSQL" /> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> bean> property> bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> tx:attributes> tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.myjava.jpa.service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" /> aop:config> <jpa:repositories base-package="com.myjava.jpa.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory">jpa:repositories> beans>
(3) 编写实体类和数据库表的映射配置
//声明实体类 @Entity //建立实体类和表的映射关系 @Table(name = "cust") public class Customer implements Serializable{ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "cust_id") private Long id; @Column(name = "cust_name") private String name; @Column(name = "cust_industry") private String industry; @Column(name = "cust_level") private String level; @Column(name = "cust_addressdress") private String addressdress; //标注一对一关联关系 @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL) //标注外键关联 //name:标注表中存储外键字段的字段名称 @JoinColumn(name = "ext_Id") //也可以主键关联,但是关联的类里面也要加上这个注解 //@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn private CustomerExt ext; @Override public String toString() { return "Customer{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", industry='" + industry + '\'' + ", level='" + level + '\'' + ", addressdress='" + addressdress + '\'' + '}'; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getIndustry() { return industry; } public void setIndustry(String industry) { this.industry = industry; } public String getLevel() { return level; } public void setLevel(String level) { this.level = level; } public String getAddressdress() { return addressdress; } public void setAddressdress(String addressdress) { this.addressdress = addressdress; } public CustomerExt getExt() { return ext; } public void setExt(CustomerExt ext) { this.ext = ext; } }
(4) 按照框架规范提供dao接口
//泛型右边参数是主键类型 public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository{ }
(5)基本的CURD操作
1.增:save
2.删:delete
3.改:先查出来,然后save
4.查:findOne,findAll,getOne(这个方法是懒加载)
(6)更加灵活的查询方法
基本的查询方法不够灵活时的其他方法(比如不能通过其他属性查询)
①命名规则查询
按照Spring Data JPA 定义的规则,查询方法以findBy开头
②JPQL语句查询
在dao中定义一个方法,加上@Query注解,在注解中输入JPQL语句即可
例如:@Query(value="from Customer")
③原生sql语句
在@Query注解中输入sql语句,加个 nativeQuery = true 即可
3.SpringDataJpa与表关系
(1) 一对一
外键关联
外键保存的表对应的类中应该加@OneToOne注解,@JoinColumn注解
package com.myjava.jpa.entity; import javax.persistence.*; import java.io.Serializable; //声明实体类 @Entity //建立实体类和表的映射关系 @Table(name = "cust") public class Customer implements Serializable{ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "cust_id") private Long id; @Column(name = "cust_name") private String name; @Column(name = "cust_industry") private String industry; @Column(name = "cust_level") private String level; @Column(name = "cust_addressdress") private String addressdress; //标注一对一关联关系 @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL) //标注外键关联 //name:标注表中存储外键字段的字段名称 @JoinColumn(name = "ext_Id") //也可以主键关联,但是关联的类里面也要加上这个注解 //@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn private CustomerExt ext; //get set方法 }
(2) 一对多
一的一方只用加入加入@OneToMany注解,多的一方要加入 @ManyToOne注解 和 @JoinColumn注解
@Entity @Table(name = "master") public class Master { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "master_id") private Long masterId; private String name; private Integer age; private String info; //fetch:默认是延迟加载LAZY @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL,mappedBy = "master",fetch = FetchType.EAGER) private Setservants = new HashSet (); }
@Entity @Table(name = "servant") public class Servant { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "servant_id") private Long servantId; private String name; private String ability; private String profession; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "mas_id") private Master master;
(3) 多对多
两方都使用@ManyToMany注解,一方要加入@JoinTable标签创建中间表
@JoinTable标签有3个重要的参数
① name:中间表表名
② joinColumn:当前表映射在中间表的列
③ inverseJoinColumns:另一个类的列映射在中间表的名称
@Entity @Table(name = "sys_user") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "uid") private Long id; private String username; private String password; @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL) @JoinTable( name = "user_role", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "role_id") ) private SetroleSet = new HashSet (); public Set getRoleSet() { return roleSet; } public void setRoleSet(Set roleSet) { this.roleSet = roleSet; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + '}'; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }