Android Activity生命周期和启动模式你不知道的那些事

此文是根据官方文档、图书资料及demo测试得出的结论,包括Activity多个页面间跳转的生命周期,各个启动模式的不同,flag的常见用法及对activity任务栈的影响。

Activity生命周期需要注意的地方

  • 当Activity长时间在后台运行时,可能会被杀死,再次启动时Activity会被重建,此情况和横竖屏切换场景类似,开发者应该在开发环境下打开横竖屏切换测试,防止异常发生;
  • 如果新的Activity是透明主题,则当前Activity不会执行onStop;
  • onSaveInstanceState在onStop之前执行,onRestoreInstanceState在onStart之后执行;
  • 为防止Activity横竖屏切换时Activity重启,可添加 android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"
  • onStart和onStop,判断Activity是否可见,onResume和onPause,判断Activity是否在前台;
  • A启动B,A、B生命周期执行顺序:A会先进入后台,B创建进入前台,A不可见;
A(onPause) --> B(onCreate) --> B(onStart) --> B(onResume) --> A(onSaveInstanceState) ->A(onStop) 

Activity启动模式

Standard:标准模式

  • 每次都会新创建Activity,并添加到对应的任务栈中;

SingleTop:栈顶复用

  • 如果要启动的Activity已经在栈顶,该Activity不会被创建;

    * A --> B(SingleTop)
    * 再次启动B后生命周期:
    onPause --> onNewIntent --> onResume
    
  • 如果要启动的Activity不在栈顶,跟标准模式完全一致;

    * A --> B(SingleTop) --> C
    * 再次启动B后栈:
    A --> B(SingleTop) --> C --> B(SingleTop)
    

SingleTask:栈内复用模式

  • 特别注意,配置此模式的Activity并不会位于一个新的任务栈中,只是如果要启动的Activity已经在栈中,会clearTop,让自己置为栈顶;

    * A --> B(SingleTask) --> C
    TaskRecord{ed93b47 #259 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=4}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{c1f4817 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t259}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{59e1a72 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t259}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{d7ae33c u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t259}
        
    * 再次启动B后任务栈:
    A --> B(SingleTask)
    此时C会被销毁
    此时B的生命周期:onPause --> onNewIntent --> onResume
        
    TaskRecord{ed93b47 #259 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{59e1a72 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t259}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{d7ae33c u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t259}
    

SingleInstance:单实例模式

  • 此模式的Activity只能位于一个独立任务栈中;

    * A --> B(SingleInstance) --> C
    此时,A、C位于同一个任务栈,B位于独立的任务栈;
        
    TaskRecord{c37f244 #253 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{8d06468 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t253}
    TaskRecord{10b2e56 #257 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=1}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{eeb0317 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t257}
    TaskRecord{c37f244 #253 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{e25c532 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t253}
        
    * 再次启动B后栈:
    A --> C --> B(SingleInstance)
    此时,B调整为前台任务栈,A、C的任务栈调整为后台任务栈;
    此时,B的生命周期:onPause --> onNewIntent --> onResume
    
    TaskRecord{10b2e56 #257 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=1}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{eeb0317 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t257}
    TaskRecord{c37f244 #253 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{8d06468 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t253}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{e25c532 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t253}
    

怎么确定Activity位于哪个任务栈

  • 除SingleInstance模式的activity外,其它所有模式的activity都会被添加到默认的任务栈中,默认任务栈taskAffinity为包名;

  • 可以通过指定taskAffinity让activity运行在特定的任务栈中,必须配合FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK才会生效;

  • 除SingleInstance模式的activity外,启动普通的activity都被添加到启动此activity所用的activity相同的任务栈中,除非同时指定taskAffinity和FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK,会运行在与taskAffinity同名的任务栈中;

    * A --> B(taskAffinity=test.gcoder.io.newtask flag=FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
    TaskRecord{99b9ba5 #269 A=test.gcoder.io.newtask, isShadow:false U=0 sz=1}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{5ba0ca2 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t269}
    TaskRecord{ab040b2 #267 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{1ddfc0 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t267}
        
    * A --> B(taskAffinity=test.gcoder.io.newtask flag=FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)--> C
    TaskRecord{99b9ba5 #269 A=test.gcoder.io.newtask, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{199ec49 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t269}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{5ba0ca2 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t269}
    TaskRecord{ab040b2 #267 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{1ddfc0 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t267}
    

Context对Activity任务栈的影响

  • 经过对比,使用Activity Context启动与使用Application Context启动Activity无任何区别,都是在一个任务栈中;

  • 使用Activity Context启动

    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
    TaskRecord{6a79d7e #261 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{8754172 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t261}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{43b510 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t261}
            
    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)-->C
    TaskRecord{6a79d7e #261 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=4}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{4095453 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t261}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{8754172 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t261}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{43b510 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t261}   
    
  • 使用Application Context启动

    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
    TaskRecord{eb6f24d #262 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{215a79a u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{7e22051 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t262}
          
    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)--> C      
    TaskRecord{eb6f24d #262 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=4}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{dac68e6 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{215a79a u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{7e22051 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        
    * 再次启动B后:A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) --> C --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)      
    TaskRecord{eb6f24d #262 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=5}
        Run #4: ActivityRecord{2ec8ea1 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{c30b233 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{e88653e u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t262}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{177c4a8 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t262}
    

Flag对Activity任务栈的影响

FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK

  • 只添加此Flag的Activity不会被添加新的任务栈中,此时跟SingleTask无任何关系,也不具备SingleTask同一个任务栈中唯一的特性及clearTop的特性;
  • 此Flag可被用于非Activity类型的Context启动新Activity;
  • 此Flag与其它Flag混合使用会有不同的效果;

FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK

  • 此Flag一般不单独使用,需要配合FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK使用;

FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK

  • 单独使用时,会检索已经存在的任务栈,如果启动的activity对应的任务栈存在就不会创建,不存在才会创建新的任务栈;

  • 同时使用时,会强制创建新的任务栈,并将启动的activity放在新的任务栈中, 后续使用此activity启动的标准模式的activity会运行在此栈中,而不是默认栈中;

    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK|FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
    TaskRecord{4144b1a0 #6 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{413fd7a8 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity}
    TaskRecord{41548560 #5 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{41562330 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity}
            
    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK|FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) --> C
    TaskRecord{4144b1a0 #6 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #4: ActivityRecord{41604278 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{413fd7a8 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity}
    TaskRecord{41548560 #5 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{41562330 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity}
       
    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK|FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) --> C --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK|FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
    TaskRecord{41434a90 #7 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #5: ActivityRecord{413a6710 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity}
    TaskRecord{4144b1a0 #6 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #4: ActivityRecord{41604278 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{413fd7a8 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity}
    TaskRecord{41548560 #5 A test.gcoder.io.testactivity U 0}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{41562330 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity} 
    

FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP

  • 同SingleTop

FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP

  • 此Flag单独使用时,如果启动的Activity存在对应的任务栈中,只是会清除任务栈中要启动的Activity之上所有的Activity,要启动的Activity会先销毁后重新创建;

  • 此Flag单独使用时,如果启动的Activity不存在对应的任务栈中,则创建并添加到对应的任务栈中;

    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) --> C
    TaskRecord{166703a #289 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=4}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{374b0ff u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t289}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{15086 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t289}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{da843b0 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t289}
            
    * 再次启动B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)
    * 生命周期:C会销毁,B会先销毁后创建
    C(onPause)
    B(onDestroy)-->B(onCreate)-->B(onStart)-->B(onResume)
    C(onStop)-->C(onDestroy)
        
    TaskRecord{166703a #289 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=3}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{6420128 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t289}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{da843b0 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t289}
    

FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP | FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK

  • 如果要启动的Activity在对应的任务栈中,则会销毁任务栈顶部的所有 Activity,并通过 onNewIntent() 将此 Intent 传递给 Activity 已恢复的实例(现在位于顶部),而不是启动该 Activity 的新实例;

  • 如果启动的Activity没有在对应的任务栈中,则创建新的任务栈,创建Activity并添加到新的任务栈中;

    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)
    TaskRecord{413377c #286 A=test.gcoder.io.newtask, isShadow:false U=0 sz=1}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{a58be9a u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t286}
    TaskRecord{cfe9805 #285 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{b5a1c24 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t285}
        
    * A --> B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)--> C
    TaskRecord{413377c #286 A=test.gcoder.io.newtask, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #3: ActivityRecord{9f7c8df u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.CActivity, isShadow:false t286}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{a58be9a u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t286}
    TaskRecord{cfe9805 #285 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{b5a1c24 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t285}
        
    * 再次启动B(FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK | FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP)
    * 生命周期:C会销毁,B会先销毁后创建
    C(onPause)
    B(onDestroy)-->B(onCreate)-->B(onStart)-->B(onResume)
    C(onStop)-->C(onDestroy)
        
    TaskRecord{413377c #286 A=test.gcoder.io.newtask, isShadow:false U=0 sz=1}
        Run #2: ActivityRecord{ff16c57 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.BActivity, isShadow:false t286}
    TaskRecord{cfe9805 #285 A=test.gcoder.io.testactivity, isShadow:false U=0 sz=2}
        Run #1: ActivityRecord{b5a1c24 u0 test.gcoder.io.testactivity/.AActivity, isShadow:false t285} 
    

注:如果指定 Activity 的启动模式为 "standard",则该 Activity 也会从堆栈中移除,并在其位置启动一个新实例,以便处理传入的 Intent。 这是因为当启动模式为 "standard" 时,将始终为新 Intent 创建新实例。

参考资料:
  • Android开发艺术探索第一章;
  • Android官方文档

本文作者:gcoder.io
本文链接:http://gcoder-io.github.io/2016/10/05/android-activity-lifecycle-launchmode/
版权声明: 本博客所有文章均为原创,转载请注明作者及出处

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