纽约暂停向打车服务发放新牌照

Jammed up
水泄不通

New York halts new licences for ride-hailing cars
纽约暂停向打车服务发放新牌照

City Hall hopes the cap will help reduce traffic congestion
纽约市政府希望这一限牌举措能有助于缓解交通拥堵

RIDE-HAILING companies like Uber and Lyft are loved by city dwellers but may be jamming roads. In midtown and lower Manhattan, cars have slowed from an average speed of 9.1mph (14.6kph) in 2010 to 7.1mph in 2017. Concerned about both traffic jams and falling wages for ordinary taxi drivers, New York’s city council passed a bill on August 8th imposing a one-year moratorium on new licences for hired vehicles.
优步和Lyft等叫车服务公司深受城市居民的喜爱，但可能会造成交通拥堵。在曼哈顿中城区和下城区，汽车的平均速度从2010年的9.1英里/时（14.6公里/时）降至2017年的7.1英里/时。鉴于交通拥堵和普通出租车司机工资的下滑，纽约市议会(New York City Council)在8月8日通过了一项对雇用车辆新牌照实施为期一年暂停发放的法案。

The measure may not reduce traffic congestion much. Todd Schneider, a computer programmer, has published data collated by New York’s city government on the number of for-hire car journeys by borough. His statistics show that although Uber and Lyft journeys are well up, their impact on congestion in Manhattan has been tempered by the fact that they have put so many taxi drivers out of work (see chart). The new car services are more popular in New York’s outer boroughs, where taxis are scarce and speeds generally higher. Uber argues that the council’s cap will reduce the number of cars in the outer boroughs, but not in Manhattan, where drivers can complete more trips per hour.
这一措施可能对缓解交通拥堵收效甚微。计算机程序员托德·施奈德（Todd Schneider）公布了由纽约市政府整理的辖区租车数量。该统计数据表明，优步和Lyft搭载乘客有“井喷”的现象，但对曼哈顿交通拥堵的影响因其令许多出租车司机失业的事实而有所缓和（见图表）。在纽约外围地区，出租车数量很少而又速度普遍较快，公众对新的打车服务更为欢迎。优步认为，纽约市议会的限牌举措将减少外围区域而非曼哈顿的汽车数量。曼哈顿的司机每小时可完成更多的载客次数。

In March the city approved a flat surcharge on both taxi and for-hire journeys in Manhattan. Critics doubt that this will do much to alleviate New York’s traffic problem, either. It would be much better to nudge travellers to stay away during the busiest hours. Congestion pricing, as the practice is known, has been implemented in London, Stockholm and Singapore. Uber, whose ride-sharing cars would probably face lower charges than taxis under such a policy, is keen to go ahead.
今年3月，纽约批准对曼哈顿出租车和租车服务征收额外的费用。批评人士对此举会大力改善纽约交通问题提出了质疑。让乘客远离高峰时期出行可能会收效甚好。众所周知，收取拥堵费的举措在伦敦、斯德哥尔摩和新加坡已经实施。在这样的政策下，优步出行收费可能会比出租车更低，因为该公司迫切希望走在前列。

Fix NYC, a task-force focused on fighting traffic jams and improving public transport, recommended in January that New York should introduce a congestion charge that would vary by time of day. That seems a distant prospect. A poll conducted by Quinnipiac University in March showed that 52% of voters living in New York City opposed congestion pricing, whereas just 42% were in favour. Technocrats may like such schemes, but the public seems unwilling to pay to avoid sitting in traffic.
Fix NYC是一个负责解决交通拥堵和改善公共交通系统的特别工作小组。2018年1月，该工作小组建议，纽约应采取根据时段收取相应拥堵费的措施。但这个前景看起来很遥远。昆尼皮亚克大学3月份的一项民调显示，52％的纽约市选民反对征收拥堵费，而只有42％的人赞成。技术官员们可能会喜欢此类方案，但公众似乎不愿意为避免交通拥堵而买单。（译：曹亚蒙）

https://www.economist.com/united-states/2018/08/11/new-york-halts-new-licences-for-ride-hailing-cars

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