Rxjava(3)

线程控制 —— Scheduler

默认情况下, RxJava 遵循的是线程不变的原则,即:在哪个线程调用 subscribe(),就在哪个线程生产事件;在哪个线程生产事件,就在哪个线程消费事件。如果需要切换线程,就需要用到 Scheduler (调度器)。

  • Schedulers.immediate(): 直接在当前线程运行,相当于不指定线程。这是默认的 Scheduler。
  • Schedulers.trampoline():加入当前线程队列,待上一个工作完成后执行。
  • Schedulers.newThread(): 总是启用新线程,并在新线程执行操作。
  • Schedulers.io(): I/O 操作(读写文件、读写数据库、网络信息交互等)所使用的 Scheduler。行为模式和 newThread() 差不多,区别在于 io() 的内部实现是是用一个无数量上限的线程池,可以重用空闲的线程,因此多数情况下 io() 比 newThread() 更有效率。不要把计算工作放在 io() 中,可以避免创建不必要的线程。
  • Schedulers.computation(): 计算所使用的 Scheduler。这个计算指的是 CPU 密集型计算,即不会被 I/O 等操作限制性能的操作,例如图形的计算。这个 Scheduler 使用的固定的线程池,大小为 CPU 核数。不要把 I/O 操作放在 computation() 中,否则 I/O 操作的等待时间会浪费 CPU。
  • Android 还有一个专用的 AndroidSchedulers.mainThread(),它指定的操作将在 Android 主线程运行。

可以使用 subscribeOn() 和 observeOn() 两个方法来对线程进行控制。

  • subscribeOn(): 指定 subscribe() 所发生的线程,即 Observable.OnSubscribe 被激活时所处的线程。或者叫做事件产生的线程。
  • observeOn(): 指定 Subscriber 所运行在的线程。或者叫做事件消费的线程。
Observable.just(1,2,3)
            .observeOn(Schedulers.io())
            .subscribeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
            .subscribe(new Action1() {
                @Override
                public void call(Integer integer) {
                    Log.d(tag,integer);
                }
            });

先看Observable的observeOn方法

public final Observable observeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
    if (this instanceof ScalarSynchronousObservable) { // just参数为1个的时候为真
        return ((ScalarSynchronousObservable)this).scalarScheduleOn(scheduler);
    }
    //创建operator并把scheduler赋值给成员变量,调用lift方法,参数为operator
    //注意!!又是lift方法!
    return lift(new OperatorObserveOn(scheduler));
}
// OperatorObserveOn类
public final class OperatorObserveOn implements Operator {
      private final Scheduler scheduler;
      public OperatorObserveOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
          this.scheduler = scheduler;
      }
}
//Observable的lift方法
public final  Observable lift(final Operator operator) {
  //创建一个新的Observable对象并返回 
   return new Observable(new OnSubscribe() {
        @Override
        public void call(Subscriber o) {
            try {
                // 返回传入的opetator对象,并调用它的call方法,参数是监听该Observable的subscriber
                // 这里observeOn(scheduler)的参数如果是当前线程直接返回监听的subscriber对象
                //如果线程改变,将scheduler和subscriber对象封装成ObserveOnSubscriber返回
                Subscriber st = hook.onLift(operator).call(o); 
                try {
                    st.onStart(); //调用subscriber的onstart();
                    onSubscribe.call(st);//调用Observeable.onSubscribe.call(subscriber)方法。参数是call返回的ObserveOnSubscriber。即调用了ObserveOnSubscriber的onNext方法
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                    st.onError(e);
                }
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                o.onError(e);
            }
        }
    });
}
//hook的onLift方法 返回传入的Operator对象
public  Operator onLift(final Operator lift) {
    return lift;
}
//opetator的call方法,如果运行在当前线程直接返回subscriber,其他线程将scheduler和subscriber包装成ObserveOnSubscriber返回
public Subscriber call(Subscriber child) {
    if (scheduler instanceof ImmediateScheduler) {//运行在当前线程
        return child;
    } else if (scheduler instanceof TrampolineScheduler) {//运行在当前线程
        return child;
    } else {
        ObserveOnSubscriber parent = new ObserveOnSubscriber(scheduler, child);
        parent.init();
        return parent;
    }
}
 //ObserveOnSubscriber构造方法
public ObserveOnSubscriber(Scheduler scheduler, Subscriber child) {
        this.child = child;
        this.recursiveScheduler = scheduler.createWorker();
        if (UnsafeAccess.isUnsafeAvailable()) {
            queue = new SpscArrayQueue(RxRingBuffer.SIZE);
        } else {
            queue = new SynchronizedQueue(RxRingBuffer.SIZE);
        }
        this.scheduledUnsubscribe = new ScheduledUnsubscribe(recursiveScheduler);
    }
//ObserveOnSubscriber   init方法
    void init() {
        child.add(scheduledUnsubscribe);
        child.setProducer(new Producer() {
            @Override
            public void request(long n) {
                BackpressureUtils.getAndAddRequest(requested, n);
                schedule();
            }
        });
        child.add(recursiveScheduler);
        child.add(this);
    }
  //ObserveOnSubscriber   的onStart方法
   @Override
    public void onStart() {
        // signal that this is an async operator capable of receiving this many
        request(RxRingBuffer.SIZE);
    }
    //ObserveOnSubscriber   的onNext方法  调用schedule
    public void onNext(final T t) {
        if (isUnsubscribed()) {
            return;
        }
        if (!queue.offer(on.next(t))) {
            onError(new MissingBackpressureException());
            return;
        }
        schedule();
    }
  
    protected void schedule() {
        if (counter.getAndIncrement() == 0) {
            recursiveScheduler.schedule(action); //最终在schedule线程调用action的call方法
        }
    }
      final Action0 action = new Action0() {

        @Override
        public void call() {
            pollQueue();
        }
    };
     // 最终在schedule线程调用subscriber的onNext方法
    void pollQueue() {
        int emitted = 0;
        final AtomicLong localRequested = this.requested;
        final AtomicLong localCounter = this.counter;
        do {
            localCounter.set(1);
            long produced = 0;
            long r = localRequested.get();
            for (;;) {
                if (child.isUnsubscribed())
                    return;
                Throwable error;
                if (finished) {
                    if ((error = this.error) != null) {
                        // errors shortcut the queue so 
                        // release the elements in the queue for gc
                        queue.clear();
                        child.onError(error);
                        return;
                    } else
                    if (queue.isEmpty()) {
                        child.onCompleted();
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (r > 0) {
                    Object o = queue.poll();
                    if (o != null) {
                        child.onNext(on.getValue(o));
                        r--;
                        emitted++;
                        produced++;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (produced > 0 && localRequested.get() != Long.MAX_VALUE) {
                localRequested.addAndGet(-produced);
            }
        } while (localCounter.decrementAndGet() > 0);
        if (emitted > 0) {
            request(emitted);
        }
    }
 
 

subscribeOn

public final Observable subscribeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
    if (this instanceof ScalarSynchronousObservable) {
        return ((ScalarSynchronousObservable)this).scalarScheduleOn(scheduler);
    }
    return nest().lift(new OperatorSubscribeOn(scheduler)); // 熟悉的lift方法
}
public final Observable> nest() {
    return just(this);
}
public final static  Observable just(final T value) {
    return ScalarSynchronousObservable.create(value);
}
//Observable的lift方法
public final  Observable lift(final Operator operator) {
  //创建一个新的Observable对象并返回 
   return new Observable(new OnSubscribe() {
        @Override
        public void call(Subscriber o) {
            try {
                // 调用OperatorSubscribeOn的call方法
                // 这里observeOn(scheduler)的参数如果是当前线程直接返回监听的subscriber对象
                //如果线程改变,将scheduler和subscriber对象封装成ObserveOnSubscriber返回
                Subscriber st = hook.onLift(operator).call(o); 
                try {
                    st.onStart(); //调用subscriber的onstart();
                    onSubscribe.call(st);//调用Observeable.onSubscribe.call(subscriber)方法。参数是call返回的ObserveOnSubscriber
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                    st.onError(e);
                }
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                o.onError(e);
            }
        }
    });
}
public class OperatorSubscribeOn implements Operator> {

private final Scheduler scheduler;

public OperatorSubscribeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
    this.scheduler = scheduler;
}

@Override
public Subscriber> call(final Subscriber subscriber) {
    final Worker inner = scheduler.createWorker();
    subscriber.add(inner);
    return new Subscriber>(subscriber) {

        @Override
        public void onCompleted() {
            // ignore because this is a nested Observable and we expect only 1 Observable emitted to onNext
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(Throwable e) {
            subscriber.onError(e);
        }

        @Override
        public void onNext(final Observable o) {
            inner.schedule(new Action0() {

                @Override
                public void call() {
                    final Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
                    o.unsafeSubscribe(new Subscriber(subscriber) {

                        @Override
                        public void onCompleted() {
                            subscriber.onCompleted();
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
                            subscriber.onError(e);
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onNext(T t) {
                            subscriber.onNext(t);
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void setProducer(final Producer producer) {
                            subscriber.setProducer(new Producer() {

                                @Override
                                public void request(final long n) {
                                    if (Thread.currentThread() == t) {
                                        // don't schedule if we're already on the thread (primarily for first setProducer call)
                                        // see unit test 'testSetProducerSynchronousRequest' for more context on this
                                        producer.request(n);
                                    } else {
                                        inner.schedule(new Action0() {

                                            @Override
                                            public void call() {
                                                producer.request(n);
                                            }
                                        });
                                    }
                                }

                            });
                        }

                    });
                }
            });
        }

    };
}

}

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