高考英语每周一题（四）

本周，我们一起看一篇语法填空，来自于2017年全国卷Ⅱ。

原题各位可自行用搜索引擎查找，剔除对做题无用的废话，我们将此题拆分成单句填空，如下：

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ the world.

This included digging up the road, ____63___ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top.

Steam engines ___65__ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers.

the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.

Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways.

This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) .

The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines.

语法填空第一句一般不设空，一定要认真看：In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. 在1863年，世界上第一座地铁在伦敦开通。

即便有的同学拿不准underground passenger railway是啥意思，railway总该认识吧，把它当成铁路也不影响做题。

说明文体裁没变，还是熟悉的配方和味道。

It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ the world. 这句有些长，一上来就是两个空密集出现，不少同学略蒙圈。别急，我们缕缕。

不一定要把句子完全看懂才能做对题，语法填空不是考英译汉！

第61个空，terrible是个形容词，那么后面再跟其他东西时，只能跟名词，crowd当动词意思是聚集，当名词时意思是人群，这个空在形容词terrible后，crowd这时只能是名词。马路上的人一般都是三五成群，也就是说，人群这个词，是有复数的。再者，后面as引导的时间状语从句，其中的主语they，指代61空中一群群的人，再次验证本空应填crowd的复数形式。根据名词单数变复数规则，第61个空答案为crowds.

第62空没有提示词，填虚词，这里有个省略现象，把状从补充完整：they travelled to (the world) and (they travelled)___62__ the world，表示行人上下班的来来往往，to跟from搭配，天衣无缝。这就是答案。

第63空，This included digging up the road, ____63___ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. 还是一句两空，别懵，缕就是了：digging up the road为动名词短语，做included的宾语，and then后的building a strong roof跟digging up the road形式功能一致，由此推断，第63空也应为动词ing形式短语，同样做included的宾语。因此第63空答案为laying.

第64空没有提示词，填虚词，这里特指地铁的顶部，表特指时只能填定冠词the. 因此第64空答案为the.

继续。

第65空，Steam engines ___65__ (use) to pull the carriages，看到这里已足够，主语Steam engines是复数，use为动词，紧跟主语，那么它就是谓语动词了，Steam engines只能被使用，是复数，且根据文章第一句，本文内容为地铁的修建历史，本空应填一般过去时的被动语态。因此第65空答案为were used.

第66空，it must have been___66__ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, 根据un是个单词前缀，用在形容词前表否定可知，unpleasant是个形容词。根据副词才能修饰形容词的规定，第66空答案为fairly.

第67空，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day. 本空没有提示词，仍然只能填虚词，逗号前半部分主语为the railway，more than 25,000 people为逗号后句子的主语，were using是谓语动词，本句缺宾语且应填指代the railway的词。因此第67空答案为it.

第68空，engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways...本句主语为engineers，是个复数名词，manage紧跟在主语后做谓语动词，本文内容为地铁的修建历史。因此第68空答案为managed.

第69空，This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce)...，空前的定冠词the提示的很明显了：本空应填introduce的名词形式，因此第69空答案为introduction.

第70空，The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines，其中one of the后跟形容词最高级再加可数名词复数，构成最...的...之一句型，successful是个多音节形容词，最高级形式为most加原级。因此第70空答案为successful.

至此，十个空都已填出。

总结：本题难度中等，虽然句子略长，但其实只是纸老虎，静下心来，分析透彻空前空后的“题眼”，同学们拿到满分，没什么问题的。