有一个岗位的要求如下：
• Operations tools hands-on experience (not just using but administering Linux servers and contributing to implementing/enhancing tools like Ansible, Chef, Puppet, or SaltStack)
• Hands-on experience in a Linux environment, including Systems Administration, Scripting (Perl/BASH/Python) and supporting Internet Services such as HTTP (Tomcat)
• Strong familiarity with virtualization platforms such as KVM / VMware / Xen
• Experience in deployment and use of both SNMP-based (OpenNMS, etc.) and agent-based (Nagios/Icinga) alerting/monitoring tools
• Hands-on experience with AWS / Azure / OpenStack
• Knowledge of Cloud computing, Web App services, and production SaaS experience a plus
以上基本上是一个Cloud方向Linux管理员的基本要求了。
1、系统管理自动化
正常一cloud方向的管理员面对的都是成千上万的VM，自动化管理是必须的。
Ansible
ansible / ansible python
Ansible is a radically simple IT automation platform that makes your applications and systems easier to deploy. Avoid writing scripts or custom code to deploy and update your applications— automate in a language that approaches plain English, using SSH, with no agents to install on remote systems.
Each playbook is composed of one or more ‘plays’ in a list.
Chef
Whether you are managing five or five thousand servers, Chef is an open source software agent that automates your infrastructure by turning it into code. That infrastructure becomes dynamic, versionable, human-readable, and testable. This frees you to easily and quickly provision, manage, and adapt your infrastructure in response to always changing needs – regardless if you are managing servers in the cloud, on-premises, or in a hybrid environment.
Puppet
The leading platform for providing & operating constantly modern software.
SaltStack
Salt is a new approach to infrastructure management built on a dynamic communication bus. Salt can be used for data-driven orchestration, remote execution for any infrastructure, configuration management for any app stack, and much more.uppet Enterprise
The leading platform for providing & operating constantly modern software.
2、虚拟机
KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine
KVM是Linux内核的一部分，Xen只是一个安装在Linux内核下层的一个产品而已。
ubuntu and redhat use KVM as hypervisor
KVM (for Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or AMD-V). It consists of a loadable kernel module, kvm.ko, that provides the core virtualization infrastructure and a processor specific module, kvm-intel.ko or kvm-amd.ko.
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux or Windows images. Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc.
KVM is open source software. The kernel component of KVM is included in mainline Linux, as of 2.6.20. The userspace component of KVM is included in mainline QEMU, as of 1.3.
VMware
VMware virtualizes computing, from the data center to the cloud to mobile devices, to help our customers be more agile, responsive, and profitable.
Xen
3、告警和监控alerting/monitoring
这是基础运维工作内容。
OpenNMS
OpenNMS is the world's first enterprise grade network management application platform developed under the open source model.
nagios
Nagios XI provides monitoring of all mission-critical infrastructure components including applications, services, operating systems, network protocols, systems metrics, and network infrastructure.
Nagios Log Server
Nagios Log Server greatly simplifies the process of searching your log data. Set up alerts to notify you when potential threats arise, or simply query your log data to quickly audit any system. With Nagios Log Server, you get all of your log data in one location, with high availability and fail-over built right in.
Nagios Network Analyzer
Nagios Network Analyzer provides an in-depth look at all network traffic sources and potential security threats allowing system admins to quickly gather high-level information regarding the health of the network as well as highly granular data for complete and thorough network analysis using netflow, sflow, jflow, etc..
Icinga
Monitoring as Code
Discover your IT
Extend to your needs
4、云平台
AWS-Amazon Web Services
open-guides / og-aws
Amazon Web Services — a practical guide
Microsoft Azure
OpenStack
如果是维护自己数据中心的云平台，这个应该是关键技术要求。
OpenStack software controls large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources throughout a datacenter, managed through a dashboard or via the OpenStack API. OpenStack works with popular enterprise and open source technologies making it ideal for heterogeneous infrastructure.
5、Web App services
Web services (sometimes called application services) are services (usually including some combination of programming and data, but possibly including human resources as well) that are made available from a business's Web server for Web users or other Web-connected programs. Providers of Web services are generally known as application service provider s. Web services range from such major services as storage management and customer relationship management ( CRM ) down to much more limited services such as the furnishing of a stock quote and the checking of bids for an auction item. The accelerating creation and availability of these services is a major Web trend.
如果你想去学习相关的技术，很容易就可以搜索到相关的主页，查看详细的文档。学习可以给你一个了解相关技术的架构，但只有进行实际的维护工作，你才能遇到客户系统上千奇百怪的问题，才能积累到丰富的解决问题的经验。