1. A world turned upside down : 历史上有个同名的英国民谣“the world turned upside down",世界颠倒了
2. renewable energy : 可再生资源 ： are natural energy sources such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always available.
3. utility : N. A utility is an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for.公用事业
4. financed by: 由..提供资金的When someone finances something such as a project or a purchase, they provide the money that is needed to pay for them.
E.g. Government expenditure is financed by taxation and by borrowing.政征开支靠征税款和借贷来维持。
5. blanketed with :v. 覆盖，遮住、If something such as snow blankets in area, it covers it.
6. Photovoltaic (PV) adj.光电池的 producing a voltage when exposed to radiant energy (especially light)
http://www.seia.org/policy/solar-technology/photovoltaic-solar-electric
7. biogas: [不可数名词] gas, especially methane , that is produced by dead plants and that can be burned to produce heat 沼气（由死亡植物产生的甲烷等可燃气体）
8. solar generators : 太阳能发电机
9. pocketed :v. to earn or win an amount of money 挣；赚下
E.g. Last year, she pocketed over $1 million in advertising contracts.
10: subsidy:(pl. -ies) [可数名词, 不可数名词] money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low 补贴；补助金；津贴 E.g. to reduce the level of subsidy 降低补贴标准
11. surplus : adj. ~ (to sth) more than is needed or used 过剩的；剩余的；多余的
E.g. These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed) . 这几项不需要
12. anathema :[不可数名词, 可数名词, 常用单数形式](formal) a thing or an idea which you hate because it is the opposite of what you believe 可憎的事物；可恶的想法
E.g. Violence was anathema to them. 他们对暴力深恶痛绝。
13. the fossil-fuel age =the fossil-fuel-era化石燃料时代
14. utility revenues: 公用事业收入， N. [不可数名词] ( also revenues [复数]) the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business 财政收入；税收收入；收益Synonyms: receipts
15. incumbents :a person who has an official position 在职者；现任者
E.g.the present incumbent of the White House 现任美国总统
16: decabonise: vt. remove carbon from (an engine) 除碳 decarbonising
17. disruptive : adj. causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally 引起混乱的；扰乱性的；破坏性的 E.g. She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.她搅扰了班上其他的学生。
18. poured : v. 涌向，流入， 在此为短语pour sth into sth ： to provide a large amount of money for sth 向…投入大量金钱；大量投资于 E.g.The government has poured millions into the education system. 政府在教育上已投资数百万。
关联：pour sth out : to express your feelings or give an account of sth, especially after keeping them or it secret or hidden 毫无保留地表达感情（或思想等）；表露无遗；畅所欲言 E.g. She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.她一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。——related noun outpouring
19.pricey : adj.(pricier, priciest) (informal) expensive 昂贵的
20. Robust: adj. (of a system or an organization 体制或机构) strong and not likely to fail or become weak 强劲的；富有活力的 E.g. robust economic growth 强劲的经济增长
21. emissions trading scheme : 欧洲碳排放交易体系（方案），是世界上第一个多国参与的排放交易体系。是欧盟为了实现《京都议定书》确立的二氧化碳减少排放的目标，而于2005年建立的气候政策体系，它将《京都议定书》下的减排目标分配给各成员国，参与EU ETS之各国，必须符合欧盟温室气体排放交易指令的规定，并以履行京都减量承诺，以及减量分担协议作为目标，执行各国所辖排放源温室气体排放量核配之规划工作。再由各成员国根据国家分配计划分配给各企业，以实现2008年至2012年温室气体排放量较1990年减少8%的目标。各企业通过技术升级、改造等手段，达到了减少二氧化碳排放的要求，可以将用不完的排放权卖给其他未完成减少排放目标的企业。整体EU ETS所覆盖范围包括12000多座电站、工厂及其他工业设施，几乎占欧盟二氧化碳排放总量的一半。是全球最大的碳排放总量控制与交易体系。
22. hopes spring eternal 希望永远
23. perennial :adj. continuing for a very long time; happening again and again 长久的；持续的；反复出现的 E.g. the perennial problem of water shortage 缺水这个老问题
24. a revenue-neutral economy-wide carbon tax: 收入中性经济宽碳税
25. marginal cost : N. the increase or decrease in costs as a result of one more or one less unit of output 边际成本
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost
In economics,marginal costis the change in the opportunity cost that arises when the quantity produced is incremented by one unit, that is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good.
在经济学和金融学中，边际成本（marginal cost）指的是每一单位新增生产的产品（或者购买的产品）带来到总成本的增量。
这个概念表明每一单位的产品的成本与总产品量有关。比如，仅生产一辆汽车的成本是极其巨大的，而生产第101辆汽车的成本就低得多，而生产第10000汽车的成本就更低了（这是因为规模经济）。
但是，考虑到机会成本，随着生产量的增加，边际成本可能会增加。还是这个例子，生产新的一辆汽车时，所用的材料可能有更好的用处，所以要尽量用最少的材料生产出最多的车，这样才能提高边际收益。
边际成本和单位平均成本不一样，单位平均成本考虑了全部的产品，而边际成本忽略了最后一个产品之前的。例如，每辆汽车的平均成本包括生产第一辆车的很大的固定成本（在每辆车上进行分配）。而边际成本根本不考虑固定成本。
在数学上，边际成本（MC，marginal cost）用总成本（TC，total cost）和数量（Q，quantity）的偏导数来表示：
27. at first blush : 乍一看
28. intermittent: adj. stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly 断断续续的；间歇的 Synonyms :sporadic E.g. intermittent bursts of applause一阵阵的掌声
28. in the doldrums: 意气消沉; 无精打采; 萧条; <口>意气消沉;
29. a vicious circle: 恶性循环 e.g. His increasingly visible chagrin sets up a vicious circle他的明显的不满引起了一种恶性循环.
30. deployment : deploy的派生名词。原V(formal) to use sth effectively 有效地利用；调动
to deploy arguments/resources 利用论据 / 资源