八、使用yum升级CentOS内核版本

概要

应DBA需求,需要将一台线下测试机内核版本从目前的2版本升级到3以上版本,之前在自己虚拟机里做过编译升级,但是在其后使用中遇到很多问题,是因为在新的config文件中,默认有很多模块被注释掉,导致使用新的默认config文件编译后很多模块无法加载使用,比如itpables的NAT模块,Docker也就无法安装了,为了避免这个问题呢,本次升级希望采用yum方式自动升级。

升级过程

在从来没有进行过类似操作的前提下呢,第一步当然需要google了,然而并没有找到描述清晰的示例,所以只能去官网看英文文档了(英文很差的我其实是非常拒绝的)。。。没想到的是居然这么如此的简单。。。

 http://elrepo.org/tiki/tiki-index.php

先看一下本地yum仓库中各个kernel的版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep kernel
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64            2.0.8-34.el6.centos         @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
dracut-kernel.noarch                    004-388.el6                 @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel.x86_64                           2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel-devel.x86_64                     2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel-firmware.noarch                  2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel-headers.x86_64                   2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
libreport-plugin-kerneloops.x86_64      2.0.9-24.el6.centos         @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64            2.0.8-43.el6.centos         base        
dracut-kernel.noarch                    004-409.el6_8.2             base        
kernel.x86_64                           2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-abi-whitelists.noarch            2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-debug.x86_64                     2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-debug-devel.i686                 2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-debug-devel.x86_64               2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-devel.x86_64                     2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-doc.noarch                       2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-firmware.noarch                  2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-headers.x86_64                   2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
libreport-plugin-kerneloops.x86_64      2.0.9-33.el6.centos         base        
[root@localhost ~]# 

当然不出所料都和目前已运行的kernel版本相差无几

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

根据官网提示,安装新的yum仓库,已获取官方目前提供的较新版本的安装包

#导入KEY,必要的步骤
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
#安装elrepo,根据CentOS版本进行选择
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-8.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-8.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:elrepo-release         ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# 

这个仓库里包含了[elrepo]、[elrepo-testing]、[elrepo-kernel]、[elrepo-extras]四个仓库,默认仅启用了[elrepo],这里我们需要启用[elrepo-kernel]仓库

#这里我们直接编辑elrepo配置文件,将[elrepo-kernel]模块中的enable置为1,或直接使用yum --ebable即可
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/elrepo.repo
[elrepo-kernel]
name=ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Kernel Repository - el6
baseurl=http://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el6/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo/kernel/el6/$basearch/
        http://mirror.rackspace.com/elrepo/kernel/el6/$basearch/
        http://repos.lax-noc.com/elrepo/kernel/el6/$basearch/
        http://mirror.ventraip.net.au/elrepo/kernel/el6/$basearch/
mirrorlist=http://mirrors.elrepo.org/mirrors-elrepo-kernel.el6
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
protect=0

这个时候再次查看一下我们yum源中存在的kernel版本,需要的新版本已经可以使用了

[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep kernel
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64            2.0.8-34.el6.centos         @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
dracut-kernel.noarch                    004-388.el6                 @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel.x86_64                           2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel-devel.x86_64                     2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel-firmware.noarch                  2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
kernel-headers.x86_64                   2.6.32-573.el6              @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
libreport-plugin-kerneloops.x86_64      2.0.9-24.el6.centos         @anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64            2.0.8-43.el6.centos         base       
dracut-kernel.noarch                    004-409.el6_8.2             base       
kernel.x86_64                           2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-abi-whitelists.noarch            2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-debug.x86_64                     2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-debug-devel.i686                 2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-debug-devel.x86_64               2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-devel.x86_64                     2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-doc.noarch                       2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-firmware.noarch                  2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-headers.x86_64                   2.6.32-696.6.3.el6          updates     
kernel-lt.x86_64                        3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64                  3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch                    3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-firmware.noarch               3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64                3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64                        4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64                  4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch                    4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-firmware.noarch               4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64                4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
libreport-plugin-kerneloops.x86_64      2.0.9-33.el6.centos         base       
perf.x86_64                             4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64                      4.12.8-1.el6.elrepo         elrepo-kernel
[root@localhost ~]#

这里我们选择我们需要的3.0版本进行安装,命名格式name+version,那么我们直接使用yum进行指定版本安装

#如果不确定可以先不使用-y选项,在结果中查看对应版本后在确认安装即可
[root@localhost ~]# yum install kernel-lt-3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo
Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                     Version                    Repository               Size
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel-lt            x86_64             3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo           elrepo-kernel              33 M

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 33 M
Installed size: 154 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y

坐等安装成功即可。
安装完成后需要我们进行最后一步神圣的操作,选择默认启动的grub为新版本。

#编辑grub启动文件,这款需要注意两个值,default和title
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/grub.conf 
#default选择默认启动的title标号,自上而下从0开始计数,那么我们一般新安装的kernel呢会出出现在第一个title中,所以我们将default的值改为0,即默认选择第一个title后的kernel进行启动
default=0
#每个title后跟一个以安装的kernel版本信息
title CentOS (3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 ro root=UUID=97b15044-9109-48d4-bf6c-a3e87e46ad3c rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb
quiet
    initrd /initramfs-3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64.img

title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=97b15044-9109-48d4-bf6c-a3e87e46ad3c rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
    initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img

重启系统,让系统使用新版本的kernel进行启动,启动后查看内核版本,KO~!

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.107-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

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