RHEL6 纯命令行文本界面下安装桌面

Copyright © 2011-2015 咖喱派 ([email protected]，http://hi.baidu.com/咖喱派2_0/)   在虚拟机下安装Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1时，如果内存为512M或更小时，安装过程会提示内存太小，无法启用图形界面。这样，就只能是最小化安装。装好后，怎样安装桌面呢。 我们以 virtualbox下为例。 一、配置yum库 Virtualbox下的虚拟光驱位于/dev/sr0，所以，向virtualbox加载RHEL6.1的镜像后，就可以配置yum库了 1.挂载镜像 [root@redhat ~]#   mkdir /media/rhel [root@redhat ~]#   mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /media/rhel   2.使镜像能开机自动挂载 在/etc/fstab的最下面添加下面一句 [root@redhat ~]#   vi /etc/fstab /dev/sr0                /media/rhel            iso9660       ro,loop         0 0   3.新建一个本地repo文件 紫色的部分可以不要添加，只要黑体那部分就行了。 [root@redhat ~]#   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [Server] name=Server baseurl=file:///media/rhel/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [HighAvailability] name=HighAvailability baseurl=file:///media/rhel/HighAvailability enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [LoadBalancer] name=LoadBalancer baseurl=file:///media/rhel/LoadBalancer enabled=1 gpgcheck=0   二、安装桌面   1.检查软件组 查看一下桌面在哪个软件组里 [root@redhat ~]#  yum grouplist Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit Setting up Group Process HighAvailability/group_gz                                | 4.0 kB     00:00 ... LoadBalancer/group_gz                                    | 2.1 kB     00:00 ... Installed Groups:    Additional Development    Base    Console internet tools    Desktop    Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools    Dial-up Networking Support    E-mail server    FCoE Storage Client    FTP server    Fonts    General Purpose Desktop    Graphical Administration Tools    Hardware monitoring utilities    Input Methods    Legacy UNIX compatibility    Legacy X Window System compatibility    NFS file server    Network Infrastructure Server    Network file system client    Networking Tools    Performance Tools    Perl Support    Remote Desktop Clients    Security Tools    Smart card support    Storage Availability Tools    System administration tools    X Window System    iSCSI Storage Client Installed Language Groups:    Arabic Support [ar]    Armenian Support [hy]    Assamese Support [as]    Bengali Support [bn]    Bhutanese Support [dz]    Chinese Support [zh]    Ethiopic Support [am]    Georgian Support [ka]    Gujarati Support [gu]    Hebrew Support [he]    Hindi Support [hi]    Inuktitut Support [iu]    Japanese Support [ja]    Kannada Support [kn]    Khmer Support [km]    Konkani Support [kok]    Korean Support [ko]    Kurdish Support [ku]    Lao Support [lo]    Maithili Support [mai]    Malayalam Support [ml]    Marathi Support [mr]    Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my]    Oriya Support [or]    Punjabi Support [pa]    Sinhala Support [si]    Tajik Support [tg]    Tamil Support [ta]    Telugu Support [te]    Thai Support [th]    Urdu Support [ur]    Venda Support [ve] Available Groups:    Backup Client    Backup Server    CIFS file server    Client management tools    Compatibility libraries    Debugging Tools    Desktop Platform    Desktop Platform Development    Development tools    Directory Client    Directory Server    Eclipse    Emacs    Enterprise Identity Server Base    Graphics Creation Tools    High Availability    High Availability Management    Infiniband Support    Internet Browser    Java Platform    KDE Desktop    Large Systems Performance    Load Balancer    Mainframe Access    Messaging Client Support    MySQL Database client    MySQL Database server    Network Storage Server    PHP Support    PostgreSQL Database client    PostgreSQL Database server    Print Server    Printing client    SNMP Support    Scientific support    Server Platform    Server Platform Development    Somali Support    System Management    Systems Management Messaging Server support    TeX support    Technical Writing    TurboGears application framework    Virtualization    Virtualization Client    Virtualization Platform    Virtualization Tools    Web Server    Web Servlet Engine    Web-Based Enterprise Management Available Language Groups:    Afrikaans Support [af]    Albanian Support [sq]    Amazigh Support [ber]    Azerbaijani Support [az]    Basque Support [eu]    Belarusian Support [be]    Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR]    Breton Support [br]    Bulgarian Support [bg]    Catalan Support [ca]    Chhattisgarhi Support [hne]    Chichewa Support [ny]    Coptic Support [cop]    Croatian Support [hr]    Czech Support [cs]    Danish Support [da]    Dutch Support [nl]    English (UK) Support [en_GB]    Esperanto Support [eo]    Estonian Support [et]    Faroese Support [fo]    Fijian Support [fj]    Filipino Support [fil]    Finnish Support [fi]    French Support [fr]    Frisian Support [fy]    Friulian Support [fur]    Gaelic Support [gd]    Galician Support [gl]    German Support [de]    Greek Support [el]    Hiligaynon Support [hil]    Hungarian Support [hu]    Icelandic Support [is]    Indonesian Support [id]    Interlingua Support [ia]    Irish Support [ga]    Italian Support [it]    Kashmiri Support [ks]    Kashubian Support [csb]    Kazakh Support [kk]    Kinyarwanda Support [rw]    Latin Support [la]    Latvian Support [lv]    Lithuanian Support [lt]    Low Saxon Support [nds]    Luxembourgish Support [lb]    Macedonian Support [mk]    Malagasy Support [mg]    Malay Support [ms]    Maltese Support [mt]    Manx Support [gv]    Maori Support [mi]    Mongolian Support [mn]    Nepali Support [ne]    Northern Sotho Support [nso]    Norwegian Support [nb]    Occitan Support [oc]    Persian Support [fa]    Polish Support [pl]    Portuguese Support [pt]    Romanian Support [ro]    Russian Support [ru]    Sanskrit Support [sa]    Sardinian Support [sc]    Serbian Support [sr]    Sindhi Support [sd]    Slovak Support [sk]    Slovenian Support [sl]    Southern Ndebele Support [nr]    Southern Sotho Support [st]    Spanish Support [es]    Swahili Support [sw]    Swati Support [ss]    Swedish Support [sv]    Tagalog Support [tl]    Tetum Support [tet]    Tibetan Support [bo]    Tsonga Support [ts]    Tswana Support [tn]    Turkish Support [tr]    Turkmen Support [tk]    Ukrainian Support [uk]    Upper Sorbian Support [hsb]    Uzbek Support [uz]    Vietnamese Support [vi]    Walloon Support [wa]    Welsh Support [cy]    Xhosa Support [xh]    Zulu Support [zu] Done 2.安装桌面 桌面在软件组desktop中，这和rhel5不太一样，rhel5里面好像为gnome 那么就开始安装桌面吧，但之前必须先安装Xwindow软件组 [root@redhat ~]# yum groupinstall “X Window System” [root@redhat ~]# yum groupinstall “Desktop” 3. 虽然到此就可以启动桌面了，但是 linux建议不要让root用户直接登录图形界面     所以，我们最好再创建一个普通用户 [root@redhat ~]#    useradd kevin 创建kevin的密码 [root@redhat ~]#   passwd kevin 4.启动X： 首先 切换到普通用户   [root@redhat ~]#  su - kevin  [kevin@redhat ~] $ startx 5.更改启动模式 这时如果重启的话还是会直接进入命令界面，所以必须调整开机进入桌面还是命令界面 [root@redhat ~]# vim /etc/inittab # System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf # # Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf # # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf # # Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf, # with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init. # # For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how # upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8). # # Default runlevel. The runlevels used are: #   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) #   1 - Single user mode #   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) #   3 - Full multiuser mode #   4 - unused #   5 - X11 #   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # id:3:initdefault:  将上面红字部分的  3改成5  3为命令行界面   5为X window图形界面 5.删除redhat订阅： rhel6.1新增了一个redhat订阅，没有用，可以删除 [root@redhat ~]# yum remove subscription* 6.安装桌面右键终端： [root@redhat ~]# yum install nautilus-open-terminal