Day 1- 2 Vocabulary&Phrases
1. Current Account Surplus 经常帐户顺差
A current account surplus is a positive difference between a nation’s savings and investment.It indicates that a nation is a net lender to the rest of the world.
2. the battle lines are drawn
used for saying that two opposing groups each have a clear and definite idea about the things they disagree about and are ready to start competing with each other
3.convene V. 召集 , 举行
to arrange a formal meeting, or to gather for a meeting.
eg.The conference convened on schedule .
4. clash N. [C]冲突
a conflict, opposition, especially of views or interests
eg. a clash between nations
avoid a clash with.... 避免和…沖突
5.pull out of 离开 , 退出
to stop being involved in an activity, event, or situation
eg. After u.s. army pulled out of Vietnam in the seventies, environmental protection became the major public issue .
6.demand 要求, 请求
to ask for something forcefully, in a way that shows that you do not expect to be refused.
eg.The boss demanded that Henry (should) finish it within a week
7.impose V.徵（税）(+on/upon)
to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc.
eg. The government imposed a heavy tax on luxury goods .
8.tariff N.[C] 关税
a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country
eg. The government is going to lower the tariff on imported cars .
9.provoke Vt.激起 , 激怒
to cause a reaction, especially a negative one
10.retaliation n.报復
to hurt someone or do something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you.
11.hang over 威胁
If a threat or doubt hangs over a place or a situation, it exists.
12.chancellor n.总理
a person in a position of the highest or high rank, especially in a government or university
13.beat(bang) the drum 极力主张
to speak enthusiastically about a belief or idea in order to persuade other people to support it too
14. thinly adv.勉强地 , 几乎没有
in a way that is not difficult to see through or to recognize
15.veiled adj.掩饰的
words or ways of behaving are not direct or expressed clearly
16.condemn vt.谴责
to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons
17. imminent adj.即将发生的
coming or likely to happen very soon
18. substance n.事实基础 , 本质
material with particular physical characteristics
19. rhetoric n.[U] 言论 , 辞令
speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people
20. the better of 占上风
to be in a better situation, if or after something happens
21.doctrine n.政策, 原则
a belief or set of beliefs, especially political or religious ones, that are taught and accepted by a particular group
22.illiterate adj.文盲的,知识浅陋的
knowing little or nothing about a particular subject
23.shrink V.变小,收缩
to become smaller, or to make something smaller
24.prosperity n.繁荣
the state of being successful and having a lot of money
25.admonish vt.告诫,责备
to tell someone that they have done something wrong
26.hoard n.贮藏物,积蓄
to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place.
27.self-defeating adj.自取灭亡的
used to describe something that causes or makes worse the problem it was designed to avoid or solve
28.awkward adj.棘手的,难对付的
difficult to use, do, or deal with
29.domestic adj.国内的
relating to a person's own country
30.mercantilist n.重商主义者
an economic theory developed in the 16th to 18th centuries that says that a government should control the economy and that a nation should increase its wealth by selling more than it buys from other nations
31.decade n.十年
a period of ten years
32.moderation n. 节制,适度,缓和
the quality of doing something within reasonable limits
33.muscle-bound 无灵活性的,肌肉僵硬的
used to describe someone who has very large muscles that make it difficult to move normally
34.outperformance n.优胜
the act of producing better results in a particular situation than others have done
35.hold sb. to ransom 劫持某人勒取赎金
to force someone to do something by putting that person in a situation where they have no choice
36.espouse vt.拥护，支持
to become involved with or support an activity or opinion
eg. This organization espouses the socialist philosophy.
37.hold on to 坚持, 继续 , 紧紧抓住
to keep something you have
eg. He was determined to hold on to this job whatever difficulties he might run into
38.populist n.平民主义者
representing or relating to the ideas and opinions of ordinary people
39.fringe 邊緣的
the outer or less important part of an area, group, or activity
40.perilously 非常危险地
extremely dangerous
41.windfall n.意外之财
an amount of money that you win or receive from someone unexpectedly
eg. I had a windfall from the football pools.
42.sustain vt.承担, 维持
to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time
eg.He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships with women.
43.aggregate demand 总需求
the total demand for goods and services within an economy
44.glut vt.过度供应
a supply of something that is much greater than can be sold or is needed or wanted
eg.The fall in demand for coffee could cause a glut on/in the market.
45.penchant n.(强烈的)倾向，爱好 (for)
a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like
46.thrift n.节俭
the careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste
47.bumper adj. 大的；丰盛的
larger in amount than usual
eg. Farmers have reported a bumper crop this year.
48.erode vt.侵蚀；磨损
to slowly reduce or destroy something
eg.His behavior over the last few months has eroded my confidence in his judgment.
49.surge n.激增
a sudden and great increase
eg.There has been a surge in house prices recently.
50.prudence n.审慎
the state of being careful in the way you make decisions or spend money so that you avoid unnecessary risks
eg.economic/ fiscal /financial prudence
51.private-sector 私营部门
businesses and industries that are not owned or controlled by the government.
eg. 60 percent of recent graduates are working in the private sector.
52.crumble 崩溃;粉碎
to break, or cause something to break, into small pieces
53.squeeze n. 压缩，减少
a reduction or limit
eg. The squeeze on local spending means that many services will have to be cut.
54.fiscal adj. 财政的
connected with (public) money
eg. fiscal policy
55.provision n.供应 (of)
the act of providing something
eg.The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area
56.proclaim v.宣布,贊扬
to announce something publicly or officially, especially something positive
eg. All the countries have proclaimed their loyalty to the alliance
57.compatriot n.同胞
a person who comes from the same country
58. legitimacy n.合法性；合理性
allowed by law
eg.The army must give power back to the legitimate government.
reasonable and acceptable
eg.He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense.
Background Knowledge
Trans-Pacific Partnership (缩写:TPP/TPPA) 泛太平洋伙伴关係协议
note: President Trump signed a Presidential memorandum to withdraw the U.S. from the TPP on 23 January 2017.
North American Free-Trade Agreement (缩写:NAFTA) 北美自由贸易协议
Mercantilist Government Policy (Mercantilism) 重商主义
15世纪到18世纪之间盛行的经济理论、经济政策。
目标是最大限度的使国家富足与强盛，藉由获取并留下尽量多的境内经济活动
製造业和工业，特别是有军事用途的商品，佔有优先地位。
试图确保国家能够生产尽多的量与种类，限制本国对外国供应商的依赖。
封闭经济是重商主义的重要元素。
靠着以下方法达成：
对成品的进口施以高关税。对原料的进口施以低关税。
对成品的出口施以低关税。对原料的出口施以高关税。
寻找国内製造产品的新市场，藉以提高国内生产的需求。
这些政策通常导致贸易顺差
Alternative für Deutschland (缩写:AfD)
德国的一个右翼民粹主义政党
该党派怀疑欧洲一体化，并反对欧盟单一货币政策。