热修复基础(二)

MultiDex的具体实现过程

一、代码示例

1、Gradle修改

修改Gradle的配置,支持multidex:

android {
    compileSdkVersion 21
    buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"
    defaultConfig {
        ...
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 21
        ...
        // Enabling multidex support.
        multiDexEnabled true
    }
    ...
}
dependencies {
  compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
}

2、manifest修改

在manifest文件中,在application标签下添加MultidexApplication Class的引用



    
        ...
    

二、实现源码

1、MultiDexApplication

public class MultiDexApplication extends Application {
    public MultiDexApplication() {
    }

    protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        super.attachBaseContext(base);
        MultiDex.install(this);
    }
}

使用 MultiDexApplication的原因就是它重写了Application,主要是可以将其他dex文件注入到系统的ClassLoader

2、MultiDex

MultiDex.install,这个方法涵盖了MultiDex安装的整个流程:

publicstaticvoidinstall(Context context){
     Log.i(TAG, "install");

     // 检查当前系统是否支持multidex
     if (IS_VM_MULTIDEX_CAPABLE) {
         Log.i(TAG, "VM has multidex support, MultiDex support library is disabled.");
         try {
             clearOldDexDir(context);
         } catch (Throwable t) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Something went wrong when trying to clear old MultiDex extraction, "
                     + "continuing without cleaning.", t);
         }
         return;
     }

     // MultiDex最低只支持到1.6
     if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < MIN_SDK_VERSION) {
         throw new RuntimeException("Multi dex installation failed. SDK " + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT
                 + " is unsupported. Min SDK version is " + MIN_SDK_VERSION + ".");
     }

     try {
         ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = getApplicationInfo(context);
         if (applicationInfo == null) {
             // Looks like running on a test Context, so just return without patching.
             return;
         }

         synchronized (installedApk) {

             // sourceDir对应于/data/app/.apk
             String apkPath = applicationInfo.sourceDir;

             // 若给定apk已经install过,直接退出
             if (installedApk.contains(apkPath)) {
                 return;
             }
             installedApk.add(apkPath);


             // MultiDex 最高只支持到20(Android 4.4W),更高的版本不能保证正常工作

             if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "MultiDex is not guaranteed to work in SDK version "
                         + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT + ": SDK version higher than "
                         + MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION + " should be backed by "
                         + "runtime with built-in multidex capabilty but it's not the "
                         + "case here: java.vm.version=\""
                         + System.getProperty("java.vm.version") + "\"");
             }

            // 得到classLoader,它就是PathClassLoader是BaseDexClassLoaderd的子类,
            // MultiDex主要通过修改pathList字段来添加更多的dex
            // 后面就可以从这个PathClassLoader中拿到DexPathList中的Element数组
            // 这个数组里面就包括由系统加载第一个dex包
             ClassLoader loader;
             try {
                 loader = context.getClassLoader();
             } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 /* Ignore those exceptions so that we don't break tests relying on Context like
                  * a android.test.mock.MockContext or a android.content.ContextWrapper with a
                  * null base Context.
                  */
                 Log.w(TAG, "Failure while trying to obtain Context class loader. " +
                         "Must be running in test mode. Skip patching.", e);
                 return;
             }
             if (loader == null) {
                 // Note, the context class loader is null when running Robolectric tests.
                 Log.e(TAG,
                         "Context class loader is null. Must be running in test mode. "
                         + "Skip patching.");
                 return;
             }


             // MultiDex的二级dex文件将存放在 /data/data//secondary-dexes 下

             File dexDir = new File(context.getFilesDir(), SECONDARY_FOLDER_NAME);

             // 从apk中查找并解压二级dex文件到/data/data//secondary-dexes
             List files = MultiDexExtractor.load(context, applicationInfo, dexDir, false);

             // 检查dex压缩文件的完整性
             if (checkValidZipFiles(files)) {

                 // 开始安装dex
                 installSecondaryDexes(loader, dexDir, files);
             } else {
                 Log.w(TAG, "Files were not valid zip files. Forcing a reload.");

               /** 
               第一次检查失败,MultiDex会尽责的再检查一次
               若第一次校验失败(dex文件损坏等),
               MultiDex会重新调用MultiDexExtractor.load方法重查找加载二级dex文件列表,
               值得注意的是此时forceReload的值为true,会强制重新从apk中解压dex文件
               */
                 files = MultiDexExtractor.load(context, applicationInfo, dexDir, true);

                 if (checkValidZipFiles(files)) {

                     // 开始安装dex
                     installSecondaryDexes(loader, dexDir, files);
                 } else {
                     // Second time didn't work, give up
                     throw new RuntimeException("Zip files were not valid.");
                 }
             }
         }

     } catch (Exception e) {
         Log.e(TAG, "Multidex installation failure", e);
         throw new RuntimeException("Multi dex installation failed (" + e.getMessage() + ").");
     }
     Log.i(TAG, "install done");
 }
1、检查虚拟机版本

跟虚拟机版本判断是否需要MultiDex;

在ART虚拟机中(部分4.4机器及5.0以上的机器),采用了Ahead-of-time(AOT)compilation技术,系统在apk的安装过程中,会使用自带的dex2oat工具对apk中可用的dex文件进行编译,并生成一个可在本地机器上运行的odex(optimized dex)文件,这样做会提高应用的启动速度。(但是安装速度降低了)

若不需要使用MultiDex,将使用clearOldDexDir清除/data/data/pkgName/code-cache/secondary-dexes目录下下所有文件

2、获取安装路径

根据applicationInfo.sourceDir的值获取安装的apk路径;安装完成的apk路径为 /data/app/.apk

3、安装检测

检查apk是否执行过MultiDex.install,若已经安装直接退出

4、获取二级dex列表

MultiDexExtractor.load获取apk中二级dex列表

5、校验dex压缩包的完整性
6、开始dex的安装

installSecondaryDexes 安装dex

// loader对应的就是PathClassLoader
// dexDir是dex的存放目录
// files对应的就是dex文件
private static void installSecondaryDexes(ClassLoader loader, File dexDir, List files) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IOException {
    if(!files.isEmpty()) {
        if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
            MultiDex.V19.install(loader, files, dexDir);
        } else if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 14) {
            MultiDex.V14.install(loader, files, dexDir);
        } else {
            MultiDex.V4.install(loader, files);
        }
    }

}

由于SDK版本不同,ClassLoader中的实现存在差异,所以使用了三个分支去执行dex的安装。这里我们选择MultiDex.V14.install进行分析,其他两个大同小异:

V14.install

private static void install(ClassLoader loader, List additionalClassPathEntries, File optimizedDirectory) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
    // 这个方法就是使用反射来得到loader的pathList字段
    Field pathListField = MultiDex.findField(loader, "pathList");
    // 得到loader的pathList字段后,我们就可以得到这个字段的值,也就是DexPathList对象
    Object dexPathList = pathListField.get(loader);
    // 这个方法就是将其他的dex文件Element数组和第一个dex的Element数组合并
    // makeDexElements方法就是用来得到其他dex的Elements数组
    MultiDex.expandFieldArray(dexPathList, "dexElements", makeDexElements(dexPathList, new ArrayList(additionalClassPathEntries), optimizedDirectory));
}

MultiDex在安装开始时,会先通过反射调用 BaseDexClassLoader 里DexPathList类型的pathList字段,接着通过pathList调用 DexPathList 的makeDexElements方法,将上面解压得到的additionalClassPathEntries(二级dex文件列表)封装成Element数组。

需要注意的是,makeDexElements最终会去进行dex2opt操作,这是一个比较耗时的过程,如果全部放在main线程去处理的话,比较影响用户体验,甚至可能引起ANR。

7、合并数组

调用 MultiDex.expandFieldArray 合并dex 数组

// instance对应的就是pathList对象
// fieldName 对应的就是字段名,我们要得到的就是pathList对象里面的dexElements数组
// extraElements对应的就是其他dex对应的Element数组
private static void expandFieldArray(Object instance, String fieldName, Object[] extraElements) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
    // 得到Element数组字段
    Field jlrField = findField(instance, fieldName);
    // 得到pathList对象里面的dexElements数组
    Object[] original = (Object[])((Object[])jlrField.get(instance));
    // 创建一个新的数组用来存放合并之后的结果
    Object[] combined = (Object[])((Object[])Array.newInstance(original.getClass().getComponentType(), original.length + extraElements.length));
    // 将第一个dex的Elements数组复制到创建的数组中去
    System.arraycopy(original, 0, combined, 0, original.length);
    // 将其他dex的Elements数组复制到创建的数组中去
    System.arraycopy(extraElements, 0, combined, original.length, extraElements.length);
    // 将得到的这个合并的新数组的值设置到pathList对象的Element数组字段上
    jlrField.set(instance, combined);
}

expandFieldArray同样是通过反射调用,找到pathList中的dexElements字段,并将上一步生成的封装了二级dex的Element数组添加到dexElements之后,完成整个安装流程

8、其他涉及的方法

MultiDexExtractor.load(……获取apk中可用的二级dex列表

/**
MultiDexExtractor.load会先判断是否需要从apk中解压dex文件,主要判断依据是:上次保存的apk(zip文件)的CRC校验码和last modify日期与dex的总数量是否与当前apk相同。此外,forceReload也会决定是否需要重新解压
*/
private static List load(Context context, ApplicationInfo applicationInfo, File dexDir,booleanforceReload)throwsIOException{

    Log.i("MultiDex", "MultiDexExtractor.load(" + applicationInfo.sourceDir + ", " + forceReload + ")");
    File sourceApk = new File(applicationInfo.sourceDir);
    long currentCrc = getZipCrc(sourceApk);
    List files;
    if(!forceReload && !isModified(context, sourceApk, currentCrc)) {
        try {
            files = loadExistingExtractions(context, sourceApk, dexDir);
        } catch (IOException var9) {
            Log.w("MultiDex", "Failed to reload existing extracted secondary dex files, falling back to fresh extraction", var9);
            files = performExtractions(sourceApk, dexDir);
            putStoredApkInfo(context, getTimeStamp(sourceApk), currentCrc, files.size() + 1);
        }
    } else {
        Log.i("MultiDex", "Detected that extraction must be performed.");
        files = performExtractions(sourceApk, dexDir);
        putStoredApkInfo(context, getTimeStamp(sourceApk), currentCrc, files.size() + 1);
    }

    Log.i("MultiDex", "load found " + files.size() + " secondary dex files");
    return files;
}

解压apk

private static List performExtractions(File sourceApk, File dexDir)throwsIOException{

        // extractedFilePrefix值为.apk.classes

        String extractedFilePrefix = sourceApk.getName() + ".classes";
        prepareDexDir(dexDir, extractedFilePrefix);
        ArrayList files = new ArrayList();
        ZipFile apk = new ZipFile(sourceApk);

        try {
            int e = 2;

            // 扫描apk内所有classes2.dex、classes3.dex...文件
            for(ZipEntry dexFile = apk.getEntry("classes" + e + ".dex"); dexFile != null; dexFile = apk.getEntry("classes" + e + ".dex")) {

                // 解压路径为 /data/data//secondary-dexes/.classes2.dex.zip 、/data/data//secondary-dexes/.classes3.dex.zip ...
                String fileName = extractedFilePrefix + e + ".zip";

                File extractedFile = new File(dexDir, fileName);
                files.add(extractedFile);

                Log.i("MultiDex", "Extraction is needed for file " + extractedFile);
                
                int numAttempts = 0;
                boolean isExtractionSuccessful = false;

                // 每个dex文件都会尝试3次解压
                while(numAttempts < 3 && !isExtractionSuccessful) {
                    ++numAttempts;
                    extract(apk, dexFile, extractedFile, extractedFilePrefix);
                    isExtractionSuccessful = verifyZipFile(extractedFile);
                    Log.i("MultiDex", "Extraction " + (isExtractionSuccessful?"success":"failed") + " - length " + extractedFile.getAbsolutePath() + ": " + extractedFile.length());
                    if(!isExtractionSuccessful) {
                        extractedFile.delete();
                        if(extractedFile.exists()) {
                            Log.w("MultiDex", "Failed to delete corrupted secondary dex \'" + extractedFile.getPath() + "\'");
                        }
                    }
                }

                if(!isExtractionSuccessful) {
                    throw new IOException("Could not create zip file " + extractedFile.getAbsolutePath() + " for secondary dex (" + e + ")");
                }

                ++e;
            }
        } finally {
            try {
                apk.close();
            } catch (IOException var16) {
                Log.w("MultiDex", "Failed to close resource", var16);
            }

        }

        return files;
    }

解压成功后,会保存本次解压所使用的apk信息,用于下次调用MultiDexExtractor.load时判断是否需要重新解压:

private static void putStoredApkInfo(Context context,longtimeStamp,longcrc,inttotalDexNumber){
    SharedPreferences prefs = getMultiDexPreferences(context);
    Editor edit = prefs.edit();

    // apk最后修改时间戳
    edit.putLong("timestamp", timeStamp);

    // apk的CRC校验码
    edit.putLong("crc", crc);

    // dex的总数量
    edit.putInt("dex.number", totalDexNumber);
    apply(edit);
}

如果apk未被修改,将会调用loadExistingExtractions方法,直接加载上一次解压出来的文件

privatestaticListloadExistingExtractions(Context context, File sourceApk, File dexDir)throwsIOException{
        Log.i("MultiDex", "loading existing secondary dex files");
        String extractedFilePrefix = sourceApk.getName() + ".classes";
        int totalDexNumber = getMultiDexPreferences(context).getInt("dex.number", 1);
        ArrayList files = new ArrayList(totalDexNumber);

        for(int secondaryNumber = 2; secondaryNumber <= totalDexNumber; ++secondaryNumber) {
            String fileName = extractedFilePrefix + secondaryNumber + ".zip";
            File extractedFile = new File(dexDir, fileName);
            if(!extractedFile.isFile()) {
                throw new IOException("Missing extracted secondary dex file \'" + extractedFile.getPath() + "\'");
            }

            files.add(extractedFile);
            if(!verifyZipFile(extractedFile)) {
                Log.i("MultiDex", "Invalid zip file: " + extractedFile);
                throw new IOException("Invalid ZIP file.");
            }
        }

        return files;
}

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