链接脚本使用一例1

出于对链接脚本的兴趣，准备试试，在PC上用链接脚本写一个测试程序，跟uboot中的不同。

这里有两个文件t2.c和load.lds

t2.c

 

#include <stdio.h>

char __attribute__((section(".peng"))) ch[20] = "pengdonglin137";

extern unsigned int __peng_start;

char *p = (char *)(&__peng_start);
//我们要获取__peng_start的存放地址，作为字符串首地址，或者数组名来使用。
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    int i;

    printf("%s\n", (&__peng_start));

    for(i=0; p[i] != '\0'; i++)
    {
        putchar(p[i]);
    }
    putchar(10);

    for(i=0; ((char *)&__peng_start)[i] != '\0'; i++)
    {
        putchar(((char *)&__peng_start)[i]);
    }
    putchar(10);
    return 0;
}

 

 load.lds

SECTIONS { .peng : { . = ALIGN(4); __peng_start = .; *(.peng); __peng_end = .; . = ALIGN(4); } }

 　

编译时有两种方法

 

gcc t2.c -Tload.lds -o t2 或者 gcc -c t2.c ld t2.c -Tload.lds -o t2

  

链接时出现如下错误：

pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ gcc -c t2.c pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ ld t2.o -Tload.lds -o t2 t2.o: In function `main':
t2.c:(.text+0x11): undefined reference to `puts' pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ 

  

看来在PC上运行的程序跟uboot中的还不一样。

下面是我的解决办法：

首先，获取系统ld时默认的链接脚本：

pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ ld --verbose GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.20.1-system.20100303 Supported emulations: elf_i386 i386linux elf_x86_64 elf_l1om using internal linker script: ==================================================
/* Script for -z combreloc: combine and sort reloc sections */ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386", "elf32-i386") OUTPUT_ARCH(i386) ENTRY(_start) SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i486-linux-gnu/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i486-linux-gnu/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib"); SECTIONS { /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */ PROVIDE (__executable_start = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x08048000)); . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x08048000) + SIZEOF_HEADERS; .interp : { *(.interp) } .note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) } .hash : { *(.hash) } .gnu.hash : { *(.gnu.hash) } .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } .gnu.version : { *(.gnu.version) } .gnu.version_d : { *(.gnu.version_d) } .gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) } .rel.dyn : { *(.rel.init) *(.rel.text .rel.text.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.t.*) *(.rel.fini) *(.rel.rodata .rel.rodata.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.r.*) *(.rel.data.rel.ro* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) *(.rel.data .rel.data.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.*) *(.rel.tdata .rel.tdata.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.td.*) *(.rel.tbss .rel.tbss.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.rel.ctors) *(.rel.dtors) *(.rel.got) *(.rel.bss .rel.bss.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(.rel.ifunc) } .rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rel_iplt_start = .); *(.rel.iplt) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rel_iplt_end = .); } .init : { KEEP (*(.init)) } =0x90909090 .plt : { *(.plt) *(.iplt) } .text : { *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely) *(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*) /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */
    *(.gnu.warning) } =0x90909090 .fini : { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0x90909090 PROVIDE (__etext = .); PROVIDE (_etext = .); PROVIDE (etext = .); .rodata : { *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rodata1 : { *(.rodata1) } .eh_frame_hdr : { *(.eh_frame_hdr) } .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RO { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RO { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) } /* Adjust the address for the data segment. We want to adjust up to the same address within the page on the next page up. */ . = ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE)) - ((CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - .) & (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - 1)); . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE), CONSTANT (COMMONPAGESIZE)); /* Exception handling */ .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RW { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RW { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) } /* Thread Local Storage sections */ .tdata : { *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) } .tbss : { *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) } .preinit_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.preinit_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .); } .init_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .); KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*))) KEEP (*(.init_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .); } .fini_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.fini_array)) KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*))) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .); } .ctors : { /* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of the constructors, so we make sure it is first. Because this is a wildcard, it doesn't matter if the user does not actually link against crtbegin.o; the linker won't look for a file to match a wildcard. The wildcard also means that it doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o is in. */ KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors)) KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors)) /* We don't want to include the .ctor section from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors. The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the end of ctors marker and it must be last */ KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*))) KEEP (*(.ctors)) } .dtors : { KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*))) KEEP (*(.dtors)) } .jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) } .data.rel.ro : { *(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*) *(.data.rel.ro* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) } .dynamic : { *(.dynamic) } .got : { *(.got) *(.igot) } . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END (12, .); .got.plt : { *(.got.plt)  *(.igot.plt) } .data : { *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) } .data1 : { *(.data1) } _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); __bss_start = .; .bss : { *(.dynbss) *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(COMMON) /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to _end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the .bss section disappears because there are no input sections. FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we don't pad the .data section. */ . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1); } . = ALIGN(32 / 8); . = ALIGN(32 / 8); _end = .; PROVIDE (end = .); . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.); /* Stabs debugging sections. */ .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } /* DWARF debug sections. Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. */
  /* DWARF 1 */ .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2 */ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } /* DWARF 3 */ .debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } .debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } .gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) } /DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) } } ================================================== pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ 

 删除没有用的行并重定向到load_v.lds中：

OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386", "elf32-i386") OUTPUT_ARCH(i386) ENTRY(_start) SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i486-linux-gnu/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i486-linux-gnu/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib"); SECTIONS { /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */ PROVIDE (__executable_start = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x08048000)); . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x08048000) + SIZEOF_HEADERS; .interp : { *(.interp) } .note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) } .hash : { *(.hash) } .gnu.hash : { *(.gnu.hash) } .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } .gnu.version : { *(.gnu.version) } .gnu.version_d : { *(.gnu.version_d) } .gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) } .rel.dyn : { *(.rel.init) *(.rel.text .rel.text.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.t.*) *(.rel.fini) *(.rel.rodata .rel.rodata.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.r.*) *(.rel.data.rel.ro* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) *(.rel.data .rel.data.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.*) *(.rel.tdata .rel.tdata.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.td.*) *(.rel.tbss .rel.tbss.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.rel.ctors) *(.rel.dtors) *(.rel.got) *(.rel.bss .rel.bss.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(.rel.ifunc) } .rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rel_iplt_start = .); *(.rel.iplt) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rel_iplt_end = .); } .init : { KEEP (*(.init)) } =0x90909090 .plt : { *(.plt) *(.iplt) } .text : { *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely) *(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*) /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */
    *(.gnu.warning) } =0x90909090 .fini : { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0x90909090 PROVIDE (__etext = .); PROVIDE (_etext = .); PROVIDE (etext = .); .rodata : { *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rodata1 : { *(.rodata1) } .eh_frame_hdr : { *(.eh_frame_hdr) } .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RO { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RO { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) } /* Adjust the address for the data segment. We want to adjust up to the same address within the page on the next page up. */ . = ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE)) - ((CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - .) & (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - 1)); . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE), CONSTANT (COMMONPAGESIZE)); /* Exception handling */ .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RW { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RW { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) } /* Thread Local Storage sections */ .tdata : { *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) } .tbss : { *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) } .preinit_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.preinit_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .); } .init_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .); KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*))) KEEP (*(.init_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .); } .fini_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.fini_array)) KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*))) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .); } .ctors : { /* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of the constructors, so we make sure it is first. Because this is a wildcard, it doesn't matter if the user does not actually link against crtbegin.o; the linker won't look for a file to match a wildcard. The wildcard also means that it doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o is in. */ KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors)) KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors)) /* We don't want to include the .ctor section from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors. The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the end of ctors marker and it must be last */ KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*))) KEEP (*(.ctors)) } .dtors : { KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*))) KEEP (*(.dtors)) } .jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) } .data.rel.ro : { *(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*) *(.data.rel.ro* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) } .dynamic : { *(.dynamic) } .got : { *(.got) *(.igot) } . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END (12, .); .got.plt : { *(.got.plt)  *(.igot.plt) } .data : { *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) } .data1 : { *(.data1) } _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); __bss_start = .; .bss : { *(.dynbss) *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(COMMON) /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to _end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the .bss section disappears because there are no input sections. FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we don't pad the .data section. */ . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1); } . = ALIGN(32 / 8); . = ALIGN(32 / 8); _end = .; PROVIDE (end = .); . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.); /* Stabs debugging sections. */ .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } /* DWARF debug sections. Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. */
  /* DWARF 1 */ .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2 */ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } /* DWARF 3 */ .debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } .debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } .gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) } /DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) } }

 

将load.lds和的内容添加到load_v.lds中，重新编译运行：

OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386", "elf32-i386", "elf32-i386") OUTPUT_ARCH(i386) ENTRY(_start) SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i486-linux-gnu/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i486-linux-gnu/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib"); SECTIONS { /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */ PROVIDE (__executable_start = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x08048000)); . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x08048000) + SIZEOF_HEADERS; .interp : { *(.interp) } .note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) } .hash : { *(.hash) } .gnu.hash : { *(.gnu.hash) } .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } .gnu.version : { *(.gnu.version) } .gnu.version_d : { *(.gnu.version_d) } .gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) }  .peng : { . = ALIGN(4); __peng_start = .; *(.peng); __peng_end = .; . = ALIGN(4); } .rel.dyn : { *(.rel.init) *(.rel.text .rel.text.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.t.*) *(.rel.fini) *(.rel.rodata .rel.rodata.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.r.*) *(.rel.data.rel.ro* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) *(.rel.data .rel.data.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.d.*) *(.rel.tdata .rel.tdata.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.td.*) *(.rel.tbss .rel.tbss.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.rel.ctors) *(.rel.dtors) *(.rel.got) *(.rel.bss .rel.bss.* .rel.gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(.rel.ifunc) } .rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rel_iplt_start = .); *(.rel.iplt) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rel_iplt_end = .); } .init : { KEEP (*(.init)) } =0x90909090 .plt : { *(.plt) *(.iplt) } .text : { *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely) *(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*) /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */
    *(.gnu.warning) } =0x90909090 .fini : { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0x90909090 PROVIDE (__etext = .); PROVIDE (_etext = .); PROVIDE (etext = .); .rodata : { *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rodata1 : { *(.rodata1) } .eh_frame_hdr : { *(.eh_frame_hdr) } .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RO { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RO { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) } /* Adjust the address for the data segment. We want to adjust up to the same address within the page on the next page up. */ . = ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE)) - ((CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - .) & (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE) - 1)); . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE), CONSTANT (COMMONPAGESIZE)); /* Exception handling */ .eh_frame : ONLY_IF_RW { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : ONLY_IF_RW { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) } /* Thread Local Storage sections */ .tdata : { *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) } .tbss : { *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) } .preinit_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.preinit_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .); } .init_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .); KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*))) KEEP (*(.init_array)) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .); } .fini_array : { PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .); KEEP (*(.fini_array)) KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*))) PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .); } .ctors : { /* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of the constructors, so we make sure it is first. Because this is a wildcard, it doesn't matter if the user does not actually link against crtbegin.o; the linker won't look for a file to match a wildcard. The wildcard also means that it doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o is in. */ KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors)) KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors)) /* We don't want to include the .ctor section from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors. The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the end of ctors marker and it must be last */ KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*))) KEEP (*(.ctors)) } .dtors : { KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*))) KEEP (*(.dtors)) } .jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) } .data.rel.ro : { *(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*) *(.data.rel.ro* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) } .dynamic : { *(.dynamic) } .got : { *(.got) *(.igot) } . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END (12, .); .got.plt : { *(.got.plt)  *(.igot.plt) } .data : { *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) } .data1 : { *(.data1) } _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); __bss_start = .; .bss : { *(.dynbss) *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(COMMON) /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to _end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the .bss section disappears because there are no input sections. FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we don't pad the .data section. */ . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1); } . = ALIGN(32 / 8); . = ALIGN(32 / 8); _end = .; PROVIDE (end = .); . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.); /* Stabs debugging sections. */ .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } /* DWARF debug sections. Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. */
  /* DWARF 1 */ .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2 */ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } /* DWARF 3 */ .debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } .debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } .gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) } /DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) } }

 下面是运行的结果： 

pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ gcc t2.c -Tload_1.lds
pengdl@debian:~/test/c$ ./a.out 
pengdonglin137
pengdonglin137
pengdonglin137
pengdl@debian:~/test/c$