python操作mongodb
连接mongodb
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient('192.168.0.113', 27017)
#连接mydb数据库,账号密码认证
db = conn.mydb #连接mydb数据库,没有则自动创建
db.authenticate("account", "password")
my_set = db.test_set #使用test_set集合,没有则自动创建
插入数据(insert插入一个列表多条数据不用遍历,效率高, save需要遍历列表,一个个插入)
my_set.insert({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
#或
my_set.save({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
插入多条
添加多条数据到集合中
users=[{"name":"zhangsan","age":18},{"name":"lisi","age":20}]
my_set.insert(users)
#或
my_set.save(users)
查询数据(查询不到则返回None)
查询全部:
for i in my_set.find():
print(i)
查询name=zhangsan的:
for i in my_set.find({"name":"zhangsan"}):
print(i)
print(my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"}))
更新数据
my_set.update(
, #查询条件
, #update的对象和一些更新的操作符
{
upsert: , #如果不存在update的记录,是否插入
multi: , #可选,mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录
writeConcern: #可选,抛出异常的级别。
}
)
把上面插入的数据内的age改为20
my_set.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{'$set':{"age":20}})
删除数据
my_set.remove(
, #(可选)删除的文档的条件
{
justOne: , #(可选)如果设为 true 或 1,则只删除一个文档
writeConcern: #(可选)抛出异常的级别
}
)
#删除name=lisi的全部记录
my_set.remove({'name': 'zhangsan'})
#删除name=lisi的某个id的记录
id = my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"})["_id"]
my_set.remove(id)
#删除集合里的所有记录
db.users.remove()
mongodb的条件操作符
# (>) 大于 - $gt
# (<) 小于 - $lt
# (>=) 大于等于 - $gte
# (<= ) 小于等于 - $lte
例:查询集合中age大于25的所有记录
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$gt":25}}):
print(i)
type(判断类型)
#找出name的类型是String的
for i in my_set.find({'name':{'$type':2}}):
print(i)
类型队对照列表
View Code
排序
在MongoDB中使用sort()方法对数据进行排序,sort()方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段,并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式,其中 1 为升序,-1为降序。
for i in my_set.find().sort([("age",1)]):
print(i)
limit和skip
limit()方法用来读取指定数量的数据
skip()方法用来跳过指定数量的数据
下面表示跳过两条数据后读取6条
for i in my_set.find().skip(2).limit(6):
print(i)
IN
找出age是20、30、35的数据
for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$in":(20,30,35)}}):
print(i)
OR
找出age是20或35的记录
for i in my_set.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"age":35}]}):
print(i)
all
'''
dic = {"name":"lisi","age":18,"li":[1,2,3]}
dic2 = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"li":[1,2,3,4,5,6]}
my_set.insert(dic)
my_set.insert(dic2)'''
for i in my_set.find({'li':{'$all':[1,2,3,4]}}):
print(i)
#查看是否包含全部条件
输出:{'_id': ObjectId('58c503b94fc9d44624f7b108'), 'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}
push/pushAll
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$push':{'li':4}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
输出:{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4], '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi'}
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pushAll':{'li':[4,5]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
输出:{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5], 'name': 'lisi', 'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803')}
pop/pull/pullAll
pop
移除最后一个元素(-1为移除第一个)
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':1}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
输出:{'_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi', 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4]}
pull (按值移除)
移除3
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':3}})
pullAll (移除全部符合条件的)
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pullAll':{'li':[1,2,3]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
print(i)
输出:{'name': 'lisi', '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'li': [4, 4], 'age': 18}
多级路径元素操作
先插入一条数据
dic = {"name":"zhangsan",
"age":18,
"contact" : {
"email" : "[email protected]",
"iphone" : "11223344"}
}
my_set.insert(dic)
多级目录用. 连接
for i in my_set.find({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}):
print(i)
输出:{'name': 'zhangsan', '_id': ObjectId('58c4f99c4fc9d42e0022c3b6'), 'age': 18, 'contact': {'email': '[email protected]', 'iphone': '11223344'}}
result = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result["contact"]["email"])
输出:[email protected]
多级路径下修改操作
result = my_set.update({"contact.iphone":"11223344"},{"$set":{"contact.email":"[email protected]"}})
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result1["contact"]["email"])
#输出:[email protected]
还可以对数组用索引操作
dic = {"name":"lisi",
"age":18,
"contact" : [
{
"email" : "[email protected]",
"iphone" : "111"},
{
"email" : "[email protected]",
"iphone" : "222"}
]}
my_set.insert(dic)
查询
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.1.iphone":"222"})
print(result1)
#输出:{'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c4ff574fc9d43844423db2'), 'name': 'lisi', 'contact': [{'iphone': '111', 'email': '[email protected]'}, {'iphone': '222', 'email': '[email protected]'}]}
修改
result = my_set.update({"contact.1.iphone":"222"},{"$set":{"contact.1.email":"[email protected]"}})
print(result1["contact"][1]["email"])
输出:[email protected]
实例:
#!/usr/bin/python2
#coding=utf8
from pymongo import MongoClient
settings = {
"ip":'192.168.0.113',
"port":27017,
"db_name" : "inkscope",
"set_name" : "disk"
}
class MyMongoDB(object):
def __init__(self):
try:
self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
except Exception as e:
print(e)
self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]]
self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]]
def insert(self,dic):
print("inser...")
self.my_set.insert(dic)
def update(self,dic,newdic):
print("update...")
self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)
def delete(self,dic):
print("delete...")
self.my_set.remove(dic)
def dbfind(self,dic):
print("find...")
data = self.my_set.find(dic)
for result in data:
print(result["name"],result["age"])
def dbfindall(self):
findall = list()
for i in self.my_set.find():
findall.append(i)
return findall
def main():
dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
mongo = MyMongoDB()
mongo.insert(dic)
mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
安装python中MongoDB的库:
pip install pymongo
然后确保MongoDB已经安装且可以正常运行,去官网下载相应版本:https://www.mongodb.com/
#mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.2
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.2
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
.....................
使用用户 admin 使用密码 123456 连接到本地的 MongoDB 服务上
> mongodb://admin:123456@localhost/
创建数据库(如果数据库不存在,则创建数据库,否则切换到指定数据库)
> use test
switched to db test
> db
test
> show dbs #查看所有数据库
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB