python操作MongoDB

python操作mongodb


连接mongodb

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from pymongo import MongoClient

conn = MongoClient('192.168.0.113', 27017)
#连接mydb数据库,账号密码认证

db = conn.mydb  #连接mydb数据库,没有则自动创建
db.authenticate("account", "password")

my_set = db.test_set  #使用test_set集合,没有则自动创建

插入数据(insert插入一个列表多条数据不用遍历,效率高, save需要遍历列表,一个个插入)

my_set.insert({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})
#或
my_set.save({"name":"zhangsan","age":18})

插入多条

添加多条数据到集合中

users=[{"name":"zhangsan","age":18},{"name":"lisi","age":20}]  
my_set.insert(users) 
#或
my_set.save(users) 

查询数据(查询不到则返回None)

查询全部:

for i in my_set.find():
    print(i)

查询name=zhangsan的:

for i in my_set.find({"name":"zhangsan"}):
    print(i)
print(my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"}))

更新数据

my_set.update(
   ,    #查询条件
   ,    #update的对象和一些更新的操作符
   {
     upsert: ,    #如果不存在update的记录,是否插入
     multi: ,        #可选,mongodb 默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录
     writeConcern:     #可选,抛出异常的级别。
   }
)

把上面插入的数据内的age改为20

my_set.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{'$set':{"age":20}})

删除数据

my_set.remove(
   ,    #(可选)删除的文档的条件
   {
     justOne: ,    #(可选)如果设为 true 或 1,则只删除一个文档
     writeConcern:     #(可选)抛出异常的级别
   }
)
#删除name=lisi的全部记录
my_set.remove({'name': 'zhangsan'})

#删除name=lisi的某个id的记录
id = my_set.find_one({"name":"zhangsan"})["_id"]
my_set.remove(id)

#删除集合里的所有记录
db.users.remove() 

mongodb的条件操作符

#    (>)  大于 - $gt
#    (<)  小于 - $lt
#    (>=)  大于等于 - $gte
#    (<= )  小于等于 - $lte

例:查询集合中age大于25的所有记录

for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$gt":25}}):
    print(i)
 

type(判断类型)

#找出name的类型是String的
for i in my_set.find({'name':{'$type':2}}):
    print(i)

类型队对照列表

View Code
排序

在MongoDB中使用sort()方法对数据进行排序,sort()方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段,并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式,其中 1 为升序,-1为降序。

for i in my_set.find().sort([("age",1)]):
    print(i)

limit和skip

limit()方法用来读取指定数量的数据
skip()方法用来跳过指定数量的数据
下面表示跳过两条数据后读取6条

for i in my_set.find().skip(2).limit(6):
    print(i)

IN

找出age是20、30、35的数据


for i in my_set.find({"age":{"$in":(20,30,35)}}):
    print(i)

OR

找出age是20或35的记录

for i in my_set.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"age":35}]}):
    print(i)

all

'''
dic = {"name":"lisi","age":18,"li":[1,2,3]}
dic2 = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"li":[1,2,3,4,5,6]}

my_set.insert(dic)
my_set.insert(dic2)'''
for i in my_set.find({'li':{'$all':[1,2,3,4]}}):
    print(i)

#查看是否包含全部条件

输出:{'_id': ObjectId('58c503b94fc9d44624f7b108'), 'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 18, 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}

push/pushAll

my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$push':{'li':4}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)


输出:{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4], '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi'}


my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pushAll':{'li':[4,5]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)

输出:{'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5], 'name': 'lisi', 'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803')}

pop/pull/pullAll

pop


移除最后一个元素(-1为移除第一个)
my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':1}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)
输出:{'_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'age': 18, 'name': 'lisi', 'li': [1, 2, 3, 4, 4]}

pull (按值移除)

移除3

my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pop':{'li':3}})

pullAll (移除全部符合条件的)

my_set.update({'name':"lisi"}, {'$pullAll':{'li':[1,2,3]}})
for i in my_set.find({'name':"lisi"}):
    print(i)
输出:{'name': 'lisi', '_id': ObjectId('58c50d784fc9d44ad8f2e803'), 'li': [4, 4], 'age': 18}

多级路径元素操作

先插入一条数据

dic = {"name":"zhangsan",
       "age":18,
       "contact" : {
           "email" : "[email protected]",
           "iphone" : "11223344"}
       }
my_set.insert(dic)

多级目录用. 连接


for i in my_set.find({"contact.iphone":"11223344"}):
    print(i)
输出:{'name': 'zhangsan', '_id': ObjectId('58c4f99c4fc9d42e0022c3b6'), 'age': 18, 'contact': {'email': '[email protected]', 'iphone': '11223344'}}

result = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result["contact"]["email"])
输出:[email protected]

多级路径下修改操作

result = my_set.update({"contact.iphone":"11223344"},{"$set":{"contact.email":"[email protected]"}})
result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.iphone":"11223344"})
print(result1["contact"]["email"])
#输出:[email protected]

还可以对数组用索引操作

dic = {"name":"lisi",
       "age":18,
       "contact" : [
           {
           "email" : "[email protected]",
           "iphone" : "111"},
           {
           "email" : "[email protected]",
           "iphone" : "222"}
       ]}
my_set.insert(dic)

查询


result1 = my_set.find_one({"contact.1.iphone":"222"})
print(result1)
#输出:{'age': 18, '_id': ObjectId('58c4ff574fc9d43844423db2'), 'name': 'lisi', 'contact': [{'iphone': '111', 'email': '[email protected]'}, {'iphone': '222', 'email': '[email protected]'}]}

修改

result = my_set.update({"contact.1.iphone":"222"},{"$set":{"contact.1.email":"[email protected]"}})
print(result1["contact"][1]["email"])
输出:[email protected]

实例:

#!/usr/bin/python2
#coding=utf8
from pymongo import MongoClient

settings = {
    "ip":'192.168.0.113',
    "port":27017,
    "db_name" : "inkscope",
    "set_name" : "disk"
}

class MyMongoDB(object):
    def __init__(self):
        try:
            self.conn = MongoClient(settings["ip"], settings["port"])
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        self.db = self.conn[settings["db_name"]]
        self.my_set = self.db[settings["set_name"]]

    def insert(self,dic):
        print("inser...")
        self.my_set.insert(dic)

    def update(self,dic,newdic):
        print("update...")
        self.my_set.update(dic,newdic)

    def delete(self,dic):
        print("delete...")
        self.my_set.remove(dic)

    def dbfind(self,dic):
        print("find...")
        data = self.my_set.find(dic)
        for result in data:
            print(result["name"],result["age"])
    
    def dbfindall(self):

        findall = list()
        for i in self.my_set.find():
            findall.append(i)
            return findall

def main():
    dic={"name":"zhangsan","age":18}
    mongo = MyMongoDB()
    mongo.insert(dic)
    mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})

    mongo.update({"name":"zhangsan"},{"$set":{"age":"25"}})
    mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})

    mongo.delete({"name":"zhangsan"})
    mongo.dbfind({"name":"zhangsan"})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

安装python中MongoDB的库:

pip install pymongo
然后确保MongoDB已经安装且可以正常运行,去官网下载相应版本:https://www.mongodb.com/

#mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.2
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.2
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
.....................

使用用户 admin 使用密码 123456 连接到本地的 MongoDB 服务上

> mongodb://admin:123456@localhost/


创建数据库(如果数据库不存在,则创建数据库,否则切换到指定数据库)

> use test
switched to db test
> db
test
> show dbs    #查看所有数据库
admin  0.000GB
local  0.000GB

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