APUE读书笔记

最近在看大神W.Richard StevensAdvanced Programming in the UNIX® Environment,简称APUE

以下是我写的读书笔记。

  • File I/O

UNIX下一切皆文件,内核通过文件描述符来访问文件。
每个进程默认打开3个file descriptor: STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_DILENO
每个进程都有一个entry in process table entry,每个entry可以看作是一个(python中的)字典,字典的key是文件描述符,value是一个Tuple,Tuple中的元素为(file descriptor flags, A pointer to a file table entry

内核为所有打开的文件维护一个file table, 其中的每个entry包含:
(a) The file status flags for the file, such as read, write, append, sync, and
nonblocking;
(b) The current file offset
(c) A pointer to the v-node table entry for the file

Each open file (or device) has a v-node structure that contains information about the type of file and pointers to functions that operate on the file.

每个打开的文件(或设备)都有一个v-node的结构,其包含了文件的元信息。(Linux has no v-node.

用图表示:

APUE读书笔记_第1张图片
file_table.png
  • 习题 3.6:
If you open a file for read–write with the append flag, can you still read from anywhere in the file using lseek? Can you use lseek to replace existing data in the file? Write a program to verify this.

答:可以。

举个例子:有如下两个程序。
3.6_1.c, 编译为w

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int fd, i;
    char buf[] = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    fd = open("a.txt", O_RDWR| O_CREAT | O_APPEND);
    if (fd == -1) {
        perror("open");
        exit(1);
    }
    for (i=0; i

3.6_2.c, 编译为r

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define BUFSIZE 32

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int fd;
    fd = open("a.txt", O_WRONLY);
    char buf[BUFSIZE] = "0";
    if (fd == -1) {
        perror("open");
        exit(1);
    }

    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
    
    write(fd, buf, 1);
    printf("The written char is %c\n", buf[0]);

    read(fd, buf, 1);
    printf("The read char is %c\n", buf[0]);
    return 0;
}

我们先运行w,(等几秒)然后再运行r。这里会生成a.txt文件,我们可以看看文件的内容:

0234567

程序3.6_2.clseek到文件开头处 并且替换了文件开头的1
这说明不同进程间是可以共享文件的,如果有多个进程同时操作文件,可能会造成文件内容的损坏。

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