Okhttp 访问 HTTPS 链接问题
HTTPS 即以安全为目的的 HTTP 通道，即 HTTP 下加入 SSL 层，HTTPS 的安全基础是 SSL，因此加密的详细内容就需要 SSL。一般情况下 CA 颁发的 https 证书是默认受浏览器信任的。okhttp框架也能直接访问这些网站拿到数据，但对于自签名证书，okhttp 默认是拒绝访问通过的。一般能直接访问的网站 Chrome 浏览器打开后会是一把绿色的锁，使用 okhttp 访问也能正常访问。使用自签名 https 的网站不会被浏览器信任，访问会提示危险。使用 okhttp 进行访问时会提示
java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found.
解决办法
解决办法有两种
- 信任所有的证书（开发测试使用）
- 导入自签名证书
信任所有的证书
信任所有的证书后可以成功解决掉不能访 https 自签名地址的问题，但这样也就失去了使用自签名的意义。开发过程中可以使用这种方式屏蔽掉自签名，需要使用到无法获得证书的地址的资源时也可以使用这种方式。
实现代码
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
/**
* Created by PandaQ on 2016/11/10.
* 封装的支持Https连接的Okhttp客户端
* email : [email protected]
*/
public class HttpsUtils {
private MyTrustManager mMyTrustManager;
private SSLSocketFactory createSSLSocketFactory() {
SSLSocketFactory ssfFactory = null;
try {
mMyTrustManager = new MyTrustManager();
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[]{mMyTrustManager}, new SecureRandom());
ssfFactory = sc.getSocketFactory();
} catch (Exception ignored) {
ignored.printStackTrace();
}
return ssfFactory;
}
//实现X509TrustManager接口
public class MyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
}
//实现HostnameVerifier接口
private class TrustAllHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
@Override
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
return true;
}
}
public OkHttpClient getTrustAllClient() {
OkHttpClient.Builder mBuilder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
mBuilder.sslSocketFactory(createSSLSocketFactory(), mMyTrustManager)
.hostnameVerifier(new TrustAllHostnameVerifier());
return mBuilder.build();
}
}
实现步骤：
①创建实现 HostnameVerifier 接口的类并重写他的verify方法使其直接返回true;
②创建实现 X509TrustManager 接口的类并重写getAcceptedIssuers()使其返回 new X509Certificate[0];
③构建 SSL 工厂SSLSocketFactory即上面代码中的createSSLSocketFactory()方法;
④使用:OkHttpClient.Builder 中设置 sslSocketFactory(构建的工厂,实现的 TrustManager 类),此处的 TurstManager 需要保持跟 Factory 中使用的 TrustManager 是同一个实例。设置 hostnameVerifier 为构建的 HostnameVerifier;
使用 OkhttpClientUtils.trustAll 得到的 okhttpClient 进行网络请求即可信任所有的 https 证书。
导入自签名证书
信任所有证书虽然能解决不能访问 https 服务器地址的问题，但安全性被忽视掉了。显然是不符合要求的，用 https 就是为了安全性跳过 验证也就失去了他的意义了。好在我们还有其他的方法来解决----导入自签名的证书。
自签证书导入流程
自签证书的导入流程如上图所示最终目的是为 okhttp 客户端设置一个包含自签证书信息的 sslsocketFactory。具体实现代码如下：
/**
* 对外提供的获取支持自签名的okhttp客户端
*
* @param certificate 自签名证书的输入流
* @return 支持自签名的客户端
*/
public OkHttpClient getTrusClient(InputStream certificate) {
X509TrustManager trustManager;
SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;
try {
trustManager = trustManagerForCertificates(certificate);
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
//使用构建出的trustManger初始化SSLContext对象
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{trustManager}, null);
//获得sslSocketFactory对象
sslSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory, trustManager)
.build();
}
/**
* 获去信任自签证书的trustManager
*
* @param in 自签证书输入流
* @return 信任自签证书的trustManager
* @throws GeneralSecurityException
*/
private X509TrustManager trustManagerForCertificates(InputStream in)
throws GeneralSecurityException {
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
//通过证书工厂得到自签证书对象集合
Collection certificates = certificateFactory.generateCertificates(in);
if (certificates.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected non-empty set of trusted certificates");
}
//为证书设置一个keyStore
char[] password = "password".toCharArray(); // Any password will work.
KeyStore keyStore = newEmptyKeyStore(password);
int index = 0;
//将证书放入keystore中
for (Certificate certificate : certificates) {
String certificateAlias = Integer.toString(index++);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry(certificateAlias, certificate);
}
// Use it to build an X509 trust manager.
//使用包含自签证书信息的keyStore去构建一个X509TrustManager
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(
KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password);
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(
TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
if (trustManagers.length != 1 || !(trustManagers[0] instanceof X509TrustManager)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected default trust managers:"
+ Arrays.toString(trustManagers));
}
return (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0];
}
private KeyStore newEmptyKeyStore(char[] password) throws GeneralSecurityException {
try {
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
InputStream in = null; // By convention, 'null' creates an empty key store.
keyStore.load(null, password);
return keyStore;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
}
上述代码中的证书的 InputStream 可通过两种方式获得
- 将证书放到工程中例如 assets 目录中，然后通过如下代码获得输入流
InputStream inputStream = context.getAssets().open("srca.cer");
- 通过命令行在证书所在目录运行
keytool -printcert -rfc -file srca.cersrca.cer换成自己的证书名
得到证书内的字符串内容，将字符串内容通过如下代码转换成 InputStream
InputStream ins = new Buffer()
.writeUtf8(comodoRsaCertificationAuthority)
.writeUtf8(entrustRootCertificateAuthority)
.inputStream();
使用时通过 httpsUtils.getTrusClient(InputStream certificate)得到okhttpClient即可
仅供参考
没有 demo !贴上HttpUtils类的全部代码供大家参考
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
/**
* Created by PandaQ on 2016/11/10.
* 封装的支持Https连接的Okhttp客户端
* email : [email protected]
*/
public class HttpsUtils {
private MyTrustManager mMyTrustManager;
private SSLSocketFactory createSSLSocketFactory() {
SSLSocketFactory ssfFactory = null;
try {
mMyTrustManager = new MyTrustManager();
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[]{mMyTrustManager}, new SecureRandom());
ssfFactory = sc.getSocketFactory();
} catch (Exception ignored) {
ignored.printStackTrace();
}
return ssfFactory;
}
//实现X509TrustManager接口
public class MyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
}
//实现HostnameVerifier接口
private class TrustAllHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
@Override
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
return true;
}
}
public OkHttpClient getTrustAllClient() {
OkHttpClient.Builder mBuilder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
mBuilder.sslSocketFactory(createSSLSocketFactory(), mMyTrustManager)
.hostnameVerifier(new TrustAllHostnameVerifier());
return mBuilder.build();
}
/**
* 对外提供的获取支持自签名的okhttp客户端
*
* @param certificate 自签名证书的输入流
* @return 支持自签名的客户端
*/
public OkHttpClient getTrusClient(InputStream certificate) {
X509TrustManager trustManager;
SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;
try {
trustManager = trustManagerForCertificates(certificate);
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
//使用构建出的trustManger初始化SSLContext对象
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{trustManager}, null);
//获得sslSocketFactory对象
sslSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory, trustManager)
.build();
}
/**
* 获去信任自签证书的trustManager
*
* @param in 自签证书输入流
* @return 信任自签证书的trustManager
* @throws GeneralSecurityException
*/
private X509TrustManager trustManagerForCertificates(InputStream in)
throws GeneralSecurityException {
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
//通过证书工厂得到自签证书对象集合
Collection certificates = certificateFactory.generateCertificates(in);
if (certificates.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected non-empty set of trusted certificates");
}
//为证书设置一个keyStore
char[] password = "password".toCharArray(); // Any password will work.
KeyStore keyStore = newEmptyKeyStore(password);
int index = 0;
//将证书放入keystore中
for (Certificate certificate : certificates) {
String certificateAlias = Integer.toString(index++);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry(certificateAlias, certificate);
}
// Use it to build an X509 trust manager.
//使用包含自签证书信息的keyStore去构建一个X509TrustManager
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(
KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password);
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(
TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
if (trustManagers.length != 1 || !(trustManagers[0] instanceof X509TrustManager)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected default trust managers:"
+ Arrays.toString(trustManagers));
}
return (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0];
}
private KeyStore newEmptyKeyStore(char[] password) throws GeneralSecurityException {
try {
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
InputStream in = null; // By convention, 'null' creates an empty key store.
keyStore.load(null, password);
return keyStore;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
}
}
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