学习AutoLayout(VFL中“-”的使用)

上篇文章说的tableViewCell的问题,其实不是,是我VFL的语法写错了,下面请看下这段代码:

//设置autoLayout
NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = @{@"titleLabel":self.titleLabel, @"subLabel":self.subLabel, @"bgScrollView":self.bgScrollView};
//约束1 横向 Horizontal
[self.contentView addConstraints:
 [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-10-[titleLabel]|"
                                         options:0
                                         metrics:nil
                                           views:viewsDictionary]];
[self.contentView addConstraints:
 [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-10-[subLabel]|"
                                         options:0
                                         metrics:nil
                                           views:viewsDictionary]];
[self.contentView addConstraints:
 [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|[bgScrollView]|"
                                         options:0
                                         metrics:nil
                                           views:viewsDictionary]];
    
//约束2 纵向 Vertical
NSString *formatV = @"V:|-2-[titleLabel(28)]-[subLabel(15)]-4-[bgScrollView]|";
[self.contentView addConstraints:
 [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:formatV
                                         options:0
                                         metrics:nil
                                           views:viewsDictionary]];

第一句代码是和
NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(view);一样的,但是用NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(view);会有括号里面传属性crash的问题,原因就是self.
解释下代码实现的效果
titleLabel距离父视图左边10点,右边和父视图对齐。
subLabel距离父视图左边10点,右边和父视图对齐。
bgScrollView和父视图等宽。
titleLabel距离父视图上边2点高度为28,下边和subLabel上边对齐,subLabel高度为15,和bgScrollView距离4点,bgScrollView和父视图下边对齐。
这段代码看起来没有问题,但是会报错。

    Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
    Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. Try this: (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. (Note: If you're seeing NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints that you don't understand, refer to the documentation for the UIView property translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints) 
(
    "",
    "",
    "",
    "",
    "",
    "",
    ""
)

Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint 


Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger.
The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in  may also be helpful.

错误是这样的:

没有办法同时满足所有约束.
下面列出的约束中,至少有一个是你不想要的.试着这么做:(1)查看每个约束,然后想明白哪个你不需要(2)找到你不想添加约束的代码,修改下.
Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. Try this: (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. (Note: If you're seeing NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints that you don't understand, refer to the documentation for the UIView property translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints) 

是这一个约束冲突了:

""

UITableViewCellContentView压缩的高度冲突了?
最后找到了@"V:|-2-[titleLabel(28)]-[subLabel(15)]-4-[bgScrollView]|"这里。
原因在于[titleLabel(28)]-[subLabel(15)]中间的-,起初我认为的-10-这样才会有效果,单独的-相当于-0-,这样错了。
-[titleLabel(28)]-[subLabel(15)]是默认8点距离,相当于-8-,在|-[titleLabel]-|,默认10点距离,相当于|-10-[titleLabel]-10-|。有资料说是20点,但我自己试的是10点,不过这不是问题。以后用每次都会加上-8-或者|-10-[titleLabel]-10-|,这样也好维护。
上面的代码改成[titleLabel(28)][subLabel(15)]就解决问题了,原因是本身的约束已经满足确定位置的条件,bgScrollView和下边对齐,但是再加上-,就多出8点高度,这样就冲突了。
或者我这样写 @"V:|-2-[titleLabel(28)]-[subLabel(15)]-4-[bgScrollView(213)]"也不会报错,但是UI的位置会因为-不正确。
所以写VFL之前一定要充分学习研究VFL语法,比如scrollviewlabelimageView就需要注意点,这样可以避免很多不必要的问题。
当然一开始写VFL一般都会遇到各种奇葩问题的,重要的是不能慌不能急,尝试各种解决方法,尤其>=<=@用起来效果会很好,也能避免很多问题。
比如:|-10-[view(40)]|,这样写会有问题吗?有的,view距离父视图左边10点,宽度40,和父视图右边对齐。这样一看就冲突了,设置了左边距和宽度,再设置右边距为0就冲突了。
可以这么写|-10-[view(40)]或者|-10-[view(40)]->=0-|或者|-10-[view]|

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