上一章讲了正则表达式,这一章继续我们的前菜,浏览器兼容性处理。
先介绍一个简单的沙盒测试函数。
/** * Support testing using an element * @param {Function} fn Passed the created div and expects a boolean result */ //特性检测的一个技巧,造一个div,最后将其删掉,提供一种简单的沙盒(如果该div不加入到DOM树上,则部分属性如currentStyle会没有) function assert( fn ) { var div = document.createElement("div"); try { return !!fn( div ); } catch (e) { return false; } finally { // Remove from its parent by default if ( div.parentNode ) { //为了不造成影响,最后如果该div还在DOM树上,就将其移除掉 div.parentNode.removeChild( div ); } // release memory in IE // IE下对于不在DOM树里的DOM节点必须手动置为null,关于IE内存泄露的文章很多,不再赘述 div = null; } }
嗯,说明如注释,接下来我们先处理push函数,有些浏览器Nodelist是不能使用push的,我们先检测一下在当前浏览器下push能不能支持Nodelist,不能的话则把push换成自己的方法,使push能够支持Nodelist
// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) //居然还可以对push进行优化,看看push支不支持Nodelist //因为Nodelist不是数组,所以在某些浏览器下没有Push方法,需要人工造一个支持nodelist的push方法。 try { push.apply( (arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )), preferredDoc.childNodes ); // Support: Android < 4.0 // Detect silently failing push.apply //防止安卓4.0以下版本静默失败(失败了但不报错)。 arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; } catch ( e ) { //如果arr有值,即arr.length > 0,说明上述push方法是有效的,使用原生API,否则换成自己的方法 push = { apply: arr.length ? // Leverage slice if possible function( target, els ) { //这里一定要用apply,否则会把整个els给Push进去而不是拆成一个个push push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) ); } : // Support: IE<9 // Otherwise append directly //这里不明白为什么。。 //因为在IE下对Nodelist执行slice会报错找不到JScript对象,所以arr.length为0 //http://www.jb51.net/article/24182.htm function( target, els ) { var j = target.length, i = 0; // Can't trust NodeList.length //为什么IE8下不能相信长度? while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {} target.length = j - 1; } }; }
说明如注释,然后再来三发对于html元素向DOM元素转换时,部分属性会遇到的bug以及处理
// Support: IE<8 // Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx //在IE<8下会自动串改部分属性,比如下面的href会改成当前地址+#,大家可以试试。 //出现这种情况后,当我们要取某些属性时,交给代理函数进行处理,比如Expr.attrHandle if ( !assert(function( div ) { div.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>"; return div.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#" ; }) ) { addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { if ( !isXML ) { //getAttribute我搜了一下。。没有第二个参数,还没翻标准。。暂且认为是错的。
//我靠。。还真有第二个参数。。http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); } }); } // Support: IE<9 // Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") if ( !support.attributes || !assert(function( div ) { div.innerHTML = "<input/>"; div.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); return div.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; }) ) { addHandle( "value", function( elem, name, isXML ) { if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { return elem.defaultValue; } }); } // Support: IE<9 // Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies //使用getAttribute获取那些非attrName=attrValue形式的attr属性时,会出错,所以换成使用getAttributeNode,然后判断获得的Attr节点的specified属性,看看是否指定。 if ( !assert(function( div ) { return div.getAttribute("disabled") == null; }) ) { addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { var val; if ( !isXML ) { return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : (val = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && val.specified ? val.value : null; } }); }
说明如注释,接下来我们先声明一个对象,这个对象类似于配置文件(config)的作用,嗯。。配置文件通常很长
Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { // Can be adjusted by the user //缓存的长度 cacheLength: 50, //用来标识奇葩函数 createPseudo: markFunction, //存放用来匹配的表达式 match: matchExpr, //前面说过的,存放提取部分特殊属性的handle attrHandle: {}, //查找过程所用的函数就存在这,后面会进行声明 find: {}, //前面说个token中有一种类型是表示两个元素的关系,这个关系处理函数用relative保存起来,first用来表示是否是查找到的第一个元素。 //例如假设tokens[i]是{type:'>',value:'>'},调用body[Expr.relative[tokens[i].type][dir]], relative: { ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } },
在Expr里还有三个部分:preFilter(用来对捕获组进行预处理),filter(返回一个个matcher,最后将多个matcher编译成一个),pseudo(其实就是filter的一种),后续可能留出篇幅来进行讲解。
接下来我们休息一下,再一口气啃掉一个超长的初始化函数。这个初始化的主要作用是从健壮性的考虑出发,设置一下文档节点,检查一下是不是HTML,检查一下各个原生API是不是好用,检查一下querySelectorAll是不是好用,初始化查找过程用的函数(比如Expr.find['ID']);
/** * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document * @returns {Object} Returns the current document */ //基于当前文档节点设置一些文档相关的内容,如支持性什么的。 setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { console.log('setDocument in'); var hasCompare, doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc, //获得文档节点的一种方式,这样写的好处是保持健壮性 parent = doc.defaultView; // If no document and documentElement is available, return //nodeType不等于9说明不是文档节点 //做这么多判断。。嗯。。还是为了健壮性 if ( doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { return document; } // Set our document document = doc; docElem = doc.documentElement; // Support tests documentIsHTML = !isXML( doc ); // Support: IE>8 // If iframe document is assigned to "document" variable and if iframe has been reloaded, // IE will throw "permission denied" error when accessing "document" variable, see jQuery #13936 // IE6-8 do not support the defaultView property so parent will be undefined //这里是一个jQuery的bug修复 if ( parent && parent !== parent.top ) { // IE11 does not have attachEvent, so all must suffer if ( parent.addEventListener ) { parent.addEventListener( "unload", function() { setDocument(); }, false ); } else if ( parent.attachEvent ) { parent.attachEvent( "onunload", function() { setDocument(); }); } }
/* Attributes ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ // Support: IE<8 // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties (excepting IE8 booleans) //如果这里检测通过的话,后面获取属性值用的就是getAttribute这个API,否则用的就是getAttributeNode support.attributes = assert(function( div ) { div.className = "i"; return !div.getAttribute("className"); }); /* getElement(s)By* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements //检查getElementsByTagName是否会包含注释节点,最好不要包含。 support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function( div ) { div.appendChild( doc.createComment("") ); return !div.getElementsByTagName("*").length; }); // Check if getElementsByClassName can be trusted //?????细节 support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( doc.getElementsByClassName ) && assert(function( div ) { div.innerHTML = "<div class='a'></div><div class='a i'></div>"; // Support: Safari<4 // Catch class over-caching div.firstChild.className = "i"; // Support: Opera<10 // Catch gEBCN failure to find non-leading classes //Opera<10 的时候当一个元素有多个class的时候,获得第二个会出错。 return div.getElementsByClassName("i").length === 2; }); // Support: IE<10 // Check if getElementById returns elements by name // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programatically-set names, // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test //????所以迂回使用getElementsByName来检测?不明原理 support.getById = assert(function( div ) { docElem.appendChild( div ).id = expando; return !doc.getElementsByName || !doc.getElementsByName( expando ).length; }); //Expr里的函数分为查找和过滤两种功能类型。 //接下来分别进行这两种函数功能性的检测和支持 // ID find and filter if ( support.getById ) { Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) { //??????为什么要转换成字符串形式的undefined if ( typeof context.getElementById !== strundefined && documentIsHTML ) { var m = context.getElementById( id ); // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns // nodes that are no longer in the document #6963 //!!!!在黑莓4.6的浏览器中会返回那些不在DOM树中的节点,所以通过该节点是否有父节点来判断该节点是否在DOM树中,bug修正,并且转换为数组形式。 return m && m.parentNode ? [m] : []; } }; //这里返回一个后面用来做matcher的函数 Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) { //对id做编码转换,这是一种闭包类型。 var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); return function( elem ) { return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId; }; }; } else { // Support: IE6/7 // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut //???getElementById不可靠?? //!!!!删掉以后,Sizzle就不再通过ID来获取节点,获取属性的方式也由getAttribute变为getAttributeNode delete Expr.find["ID"]; Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) { var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); return function( elem ) { //每个DOM元素下有隐含的属性节点,通过查看其属性节点的方式来过滤 var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== strundefined && elem.getAttributeNode("id"); return node && node.value === attrId; }; }; } // Tag Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ? function( tag, context ) { console.log('find tag begin'); if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined ) { return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); } } : //否则采用过滤掉注释节点的写法。 function( tag, context ) { console.log('find tag begin'); var elem, tmp = [], i = 0, results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); // Filter out possible comments //必须过滤注释节点 if ( tag === "*" ) { //赋值判断写法。 while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) { if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { tmp.push( elem ); } } return tmp; } return results; }; // Class Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { console.log('find class begin'); if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== strundefined && documentIsHTML ) { return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); } };
/* QSA/matchesSelector ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ // QSA and matchesSelector support // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) rbuggyMatches = []; // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error // See http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 //用来存放有bug的QSA字符串,最后用|连接起来当作正则表达式,用来检测选择符是否有bug rbuggyQSA = []; if ( (support.qsa = rnative.test( doc.querySelectorAll )) ) { // Build QSA regex // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini //这两个assert没有返回值,主要是把有bug的QSA字符串检测出来。 assert(function( div ) { // Select is set to empty string on purpose // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly // setting a boolean content attribute, // since its presence should be enough // http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 //这个bug检测很简练 div.innerHTML = "<select> <option selected="selected"></option> </select>"; // Support: IE8, Opera 10-12 // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= //!!!空白字符串不应该跟在 ^=、$=、*=这样的字符后面,否则逻辑上是走不通的,你想想啊,^=''的意思是匹配开头为空字符的字符串。。哪个字符串开头是空字符?,剩下同理 if ( div.querySelectorAll("[t^='']").length ) { rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); } // Support: IE8 // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly //!!!IE8中的QSA不能正确识别非key=value形式的属性选择符 if ( !div.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length ) { rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); } // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests //!!!!:checked伪类选择器理论应该返回被选择的option元素,但IE8下有bug。。 if ( !div.querySelectorAll(":checked").length ) { rbuggyQSA.push(":checked"); } }); assert(function( div ) { // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment //????卧槽。。win8不能直接用innerHTML来创建type和name属性? var input = doc.createElement("input"); input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); div.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); // Support: IE8 // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute //!!!!增强对name大小写的敏感性,如果大小写不敏感,则不能使用带有name=.的属性选择符 if ( div.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length ) { rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); } // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests //!!!!理论上hidden的元素还应该能用:enabled伪类选择符选择到的,但IE8和FF3.5下有bug if ( !div.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length ) { rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); } // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos //????? div.querySelectorAll("*,:x"); rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:"); }); }
if ( (support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( (matches = docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || docElem.mozMatchesSelector || docElem.oMatchesSelector || docElem.msMatchesSelector) )) ) { assert(function( div ) { // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector // on a disconnected node (IE 9) //!!!!检测是否matchesSelector会匹配到没有连接的节点 support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( div, "div" ); // This should fail with an exception // Gecko does not error, returns false instead //????? matches.call( div, "[s!='']:x" ); rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); }); } rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join("|") ); rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join("|") ); /* Contains ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); // Element contains another // Purposefully does not implement inclusive descendent // As in, an element does not contain itself //这里和懒函数的方式异曲同工,如果有原生compareDocumentPosition或contains contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? function( a, b ) { console.log('contains begin'); var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, bup = b && b.parentNode; return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( adown.contains ? adown.contains( bup ) : //这里&上16仅仅是判断a是否包含bup,b如果是a本身,则两者应该不算包含关系 //http://www.2cto.com/kf/201301/181075.html a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 )); } : //否则就用土办法不断遍历DOM树 function( a, b ) { if ( b ) { while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) { if ( b === a ) { return true; } } } return false; }; /* Sorting ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ // Document order sorting //用来传给sort函数的排序方法 sortOrder = hasCompare ? function( a, b ) { // Flag for duplicate removal if ( a === b ) { hasDuplicate = true; return 0; } // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition //!undefined === true //!function (){} === false //if(-1){console.log(1);} -->1 //用以检查是否两个输入都有该API var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; if ( compare ) { return compare; } // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) === ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : // Otherwise we know they are disconnected 1; // Disconnected nodes if ( compare & 1 || (!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare) ) { // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document if ( a === doc || a.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, a) ) { return -1; } if ( b === doc || b.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, b) ) { return 1; } // Maintain original order return sortInput ? //最后这里处理了给字符串调用sort的情况 //后面有一句代码 //support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort( sortOrder ).join("") === expando; ( indexOf.call( sortInput, a ) - indexOf.call( sortInput, b ) ) : 0; } return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; } : //如果没有contains这样的原生API使用 function( a, b ) { // Exit early if the nodes are identical if ( a === b ) { hasDuplicate = true; return 0; } var cur, i = 0, aup = a.parentNode, bup = b.parentNode, ap = [ a ], bp = [ b ]; // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected //只要其中有一个元素没有父元素 if ( !aup || !bup ) { return a === doc ? -1 : b === doc ? 1 : aup ? -1 : bup ? 1 : sortInput ? ( indexOf.call( sortInput, a ) - indexOf.call( sortInput, b ) ) : 0; // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check //或者两个元素的父元素是兄弟,就可以立马判定 } else if ( aup === bup ) { return siblingCheck( a, b ); } // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison //否则遍历出所有祖先路径,然后一一对比,直到找到分歧点,再比较分歧点的序数即可 cur = a; while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) { ap.unshift( cur ); } cur = b; while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) { bp.unshift( cur ); } // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy while ( ap[i] === bp[i] ) { i++; } return i ? // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ) : // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 : bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 : 0; }; //最后返回文档节点 return doc; };
上面这个初始化函数实在太长。。再调用一下就好。
// Initialize against the default document setDocument();