动词包括:① be动词,表“状态;存在”;连缀动词和be动词具有相同的特性。
② 一般动词,表“动作”。主要包括使役V.、感官V.、授与V.、情绪V.等。
1.连缀动词 (+形容词)
(1) 变得 ① become + 形容词/名词
② get、grow、come、go + 形容词
例:1. Come home before it gets dark. (天黑前回家。)
2. My dream will come true in the future. (我的梦想未来会实现。)
3. She went red with anger. (她气得满脸通红。)
(2) ……起来 如:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、 feel(感觉起来)
例:1. It sounds great. (听起来很棒。)
It sounds like a true story. (那好像是真实的故事。)
2. The cloth feels soft. (这块布摸起来很柔软。)
The cloth feels like silk. (这块布摸起来像丝。)
注意:feel like除了有摸起来像...的意思,还有feel like + V-ing (想要);feel like (大概是……似的),这两种意思。
例:1. I don't feel like taking a walk now. (我现在不想去散步。)
2. It feels like rain. (大概快下雨了。)
(3)保持……(状态)→keep, stay
例:1. She kept calm during the earthquake. (地震时她保持冷静。)
2. The weather is going to stay fine for a few days. (晴天将会持续两三天。)
2.授与动词(有两宾语,一为人,一为物) 注意:事和物为同一类。
句型:① 主语+授予动词+宾语(人)+宾语(物)
② 主语+授予动词+宾语(物)+介词+宾语(人)
例:She asked me a question. = She asked a question of me. (她问我一个问题。)
※ 授与动词所搭配的介词
△to →give (给),lend (借出),show (展示),pass (传递),pay (付钱),sell (卖),send (寄),teach (教)...等。
△for →buy (买),make (制造),cook (烹煮),get (得到),find (找出),play (演奏),sing (唱歌)...等。
△of →ask (问)
例:1. Will you lend me your pen? =Will you lend your pen to me? (请你把你的钢笔借我好吗?)
注意:borrow (借入),其后只能接宾语(物)。
例:I borrowed many story books from my friend. (我向朋友借了许多故事书。)
2. His mother bought him a CD player. =His mother bought a CD player for him.
=His mother bought it for him. (他妈妈买了CD音响给他。)
注意:a CD player,改为代名词的话,则要放在句子中间。
3.使役动词“叫……(人)做……(事)”
△make, have (叫……)+宾语+原形动词
△get (叫……)+宾语+ to V.
△let (让……)+宾语+原形动词
△help (帮忙……)+宾语+原形动词/to V
例:1. Our parents made us brush our teeth three times a day. (我们的父母强迫我们一天刷三次牙。)
2. I'll get them to try it again. (我要叫他们再试一次。)
3. He helped me (to) paint the wall green. (他帮我把墙漆成绿色。)
4.感官动词
feel、see、watch、notice、look at、hear、listen to 这些动词后面+宾语+动词原形/Ving
例:1. I looked carefully but saw nothing. (我注意看了,但什么也没看见。)
2. I saw him mow / mowing the lawn. (我看见他在修剪草坪。)
3. I noticed her stand / standing behind me. (我注意到她站在我后面。)
5.情绪动词[使…(人)感到…]
句型:主语(事物)+情绪动词+宾语(人)。
→主语(事物)+be动词+情绪V-ing + to +宾语(人)。
→主语(人)+be动词+情绪p. p. +介词+宾语(事物)。
注意:V-ing 修饰事物,p. p. 修饰人。
例:The computer game interests young people. (这计算机游戏引起年轻人的兴趣。)
→The computer game is interesting to young people.
→Young people are interested in the computer game.
→Young people take / have interest in the computer game.
注意:情绪动词之过去分词所搭配的介词如下:
人+beV.+interested in /surprised at /excited about /embarrassed about
worried about /bored with /satisfied with
例:1. Tom is boring, so nobody wants to be with him. (Tom很无趣,所以没人想和他在一起。)
2. I am bored with his endless tales. (他冗长的故事令我厌烦。)