英语初级语法之动词

动词包括:① be动词,表“状态;存在”;连缀动词和be动词具有相同的特性。

                    ② 一般动词,表“动作”。主要包括使役V.、感官V.、授与V.、情绪V.等。

1.连缀动词 (+形容词)

(1) 变得 ① become + 形容词/名词

               ② get、grow、come、go + 形容词

例:1. Come home before it gets dark. (天黑前回家。)

        2. My dream will come true in the future. (我的梦想未来会实现。)

        3. She went red with anger. (她气得满脸通红。)

(2) ……起来   如:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、                                    feel(感觉起来)

例:1. It sounds great. (听起来很棒。)

            It sounds like a true story. (那好像是真实的故事。)

        2. The cloth feels soft. (这块布摸起来很柔软。)

            The cloth feels like silk. (这块布摸起来像丝。)

注意:feel like除了有摸起来像...的意思,还有feel like + V-ing (想要);feel like (大概是……似的),这两种意思。

例:1. I don't feel like taking a walk now. (我现在不想去散步。)

        2. It feels like rain. (大概快下雨了。)

(3)保持……(状态)→keep, stay

例:1. She kept calm during the earthquake. (地震时她保持冷静。)

        2. The weather is going to stay fine for a few days. (晴天将会持续两三天。)

2.授与动词(有两宾语,一为人,一为物)  注意:事和物为同一类。

句型:① 主语+授予动词+宾语(人)+宾语(物)

            ② 主语+授予动词+宾语(物)+介词+宾语(人)

例:She asked me a question. = She asked a question of me. (她问我一个问题。)

※ 授与动词所搭配的介词

△to →give (给),lend (借出),show (展示),pass (传递),pay (付钱),sell (卖),send (寄),teach (教)...等。

△for →buy (买),make (制造),cook (烹煮),get (得到),find (找出),play (演奏),sing (唱歌)...等。

△of →ask (问)

例:1. Will you lend me your pen? =Will you lend your pen to me? (请你把你的钢笔借我好吗?)

注意:borrow (借入),其后只能接宾语(物)。

例:I borrowed many story books from my friend. (我向朋友借了许多故事书。)

       2. His mother bought him a CD player. =His mother bought a CD player for him.

         =His mother bought it for him. (他妈妈买了CD音响给他。)

注意:a CD player,改为代名词的话,则要放在句子中间。

3.使役动词“叫……(人)做……(事)”

△make, have (叫……)+宾语+原形动词

△get (叫……)+宾语+ to V.

△let (让……)+宾语+原形动词

△help (帮忙……)+宾语+原形动词/to V

例:1. Our parents made us brush our teeth three times a day. (我们的父母强迫我们一天刷三次牙。)

        2. I'll get them to try it again. (我要叫他们再试一次。)

        3. He helped me (to) paint the wall green. (他帮我把墙漆成绿色。)

4.感官动词

feel、see、watch、notice、look at、hear、listen to 这些动词后面+宾语+动词原形/Ving

例:1. I looked carefully but saw nothing. (我注意看了,但什么也没看见。)

        2. I saw him mow / mowing the lawn. (我看见他在修剪草坪。)

        3. I noticed her stand / standing behind me. (我注意到她站在我后面。)

5.情绪动词[使…(人)感到…]

句型:主语(事物)+情绪动词+宾语(人)。

→主语(事物)+be动词+情绪V-ing + to +宾语(人)。

→主语(人)+be动词+情绪p. p. +介词+宾语(事物)。

注意:V-ing 修饰事物,p. p. 修饰人。

例:The computer game interests young people. (这计算机游戏引起年轻人的兴趣。)

    →The computer game is interesting to young people.

    →Young people are interested in the computer game.

    →Young people take / have interest in the computer game.

注意:情绪动词之过去分词所搭配的介词如下:

人+beV.+interested in /surprised at /excited about /embarrassed about

                worried about /bored with /satisfied with

例:1. Tom is boring, so nobody wants to be with him. (Tom很无趣,所以没人想和他在一起。)

        2. I am bored with his endless tales. (他冗长的故事令我厌烦。)

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