RHEL5 Silent方式安装Oracle 11gR2指南

   Oracle单实例的安装文档网上比比皆是，其中也不乏很好的文章，其实oracle最好的安装文档莫过于联机手册，但是手册的安装步骤太过详细，所以很多大侠为了方便就整理了许多不同版本的安装文档，本人自学oracle已经快一年了，学到的也只是皮毛，但是谈起安装oracle，特别是11g R2，那还是有一点点心得的，大概是走过太多的弯路，下面来简要介绍下silent方式安装oracle软件，配置监听器，创建数据库的操作步骤

 

一:检查服务器的存储环境，各个版本的oracle安装需求都不一样，以oracle联机文档为准
[root@localhost ~]# df -h /u01
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_www
                      160G  188M  152G   1% /u01

[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:      1351664 kB

[root@localhost ~]#  grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:     4096564 kB


[root@localhost ~]#  df -h /tmp
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             1.9G   36M  1.8G   2% /tmp

二：检查服务器软件环境，下面的包都可以在系统光盘上找到
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386
sysstat-7.0.2

三：修改内核参数如下，并使其生效
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p

四：添加oracle用户和相关的组，若使用ASM自动存储管理，需要添加额外的几个组，具体可以参考联机文档
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oper
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /u01/oracle oracle
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(oper)

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'oracle' |passwd --stdin oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

五：修改oracle用户的系统资源限制和权限
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'limits' /etc/pam.d/system-auth
session     required      pam_limits.so
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/

六：创建oratab文件（该文件用于控制oracle的自动启动和关闭，也可用service脚本实现）和清单目录
[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/oratab
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

七：配置主机名和解析,需要重启才能生效
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
HOSTNAME=redora.766.com

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
::1                     localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.50.195          redora.766.com  redora

八：配置oracle用户环境变量
[root@redora ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@redora ~]$ vi .bash_profile
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle
ORACLE_SID=orac
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

[oracle@redora ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@redora ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=orac
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle

九：上传oracle软件包到服务器并解压
[oracle@redora ~]$ cd /u01/
[oracle@redora u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@redora u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[oracle@redora~]$ ls /u01/database/response/
dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp

十：配置DISPLAY环境变量，（这里使用win7上的secureCRT软件和xmanager软件连接服务器，xmanager软件需要开启被动模式）因为是第一次安装oracle，所以需要一个模板响应文件,若存在这个文件，可以直接跳过这步（网上介绍采用 -record -destinationFile 选项记录安装文件的方式在11g R2中不适用）
[oracle@redora ~]$ export  DISPLAY=192.168.50.40:0
[oracle@redora database]$ ./runInstaller  //使用图形化工具选择安装oracle软件的选项，在最后选择保存响应文件并退出，如下图所示：

十一：使用响应文件安装oracle软件
[oracle@redora database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/oracle/auto_install_db.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 1800 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4000 MB    Passed

[INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.
   CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.
   ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.
[WARNING] [INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.
   CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.
   ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.
You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/oraInventory/logs/installActions2010-12-27_10-03-09PM.log
[WARNING] [INS-32016] The selected Oracle home contains directories or files.
   CAUSE: The selected Oracle home contained directories or files.
   ACTION: To start with an empty Oracle home, either remove its contents or choose another location.
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
 #!/bin/sh
 #Root scripts to run

/u01/oracle/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
         1. Open a terminal window
         2. Log in as "root"
         3. Run the scripts
         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

十二：以root用户身份执行root.sh脚本并验证安装是否成功，可具体查看相关日志
[root@redora ~]# /u01/oracle/root.sh
Check /u01/oracle/install/root_redora.766.com_2010-12-27_22-15-47.log for the output of root script
[oracle@redora ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 27 22:16:35 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL>

十三：配置侦听器，需要复制模板文件并修改相关内容如下
[oracle@redora ~]$ cp /u01/database/response/netca.rsp ./

[oracle@redora ~]$ grep -v '^#' netca.rsp  |grep -v '^$'
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

[oracle@redora ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /u01/oracle/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/oracle/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Configuring Listener:LISTENER
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /u01/oracle/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

十四：安装数据库，需要复制模板文件并修改相关内容如下
[oracle@redora ~]$ cp /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp ./

[oracle@redora ~]$ grep -v '^#' dbca.rsp |grep -v '^$'
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "redora.766.com"
SID = "orac"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
EMCONFIGURATION = "LOCAL"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456"

[oracle@redora ~]$ dbca -silent -createdatabase -responseFile /u01/oracle/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/cfgtoollogs/dbca/redora/redora.log" for further details.

十五：验证安装是否成功
[oracle@redora ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora  |wc -l
28
[oracle@redora ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 27 23:04:34 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
27-DEC-10

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show sga;

Total System Global Area  551165952 bytes
Fixed Size                  2215224 bytes
Variable Size             339739336 bytes
Database Buffers          201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers                7884800 bytes