Upgrading Oracle 18c To 19c

本文包含了以下两个知识点：

1. 静默安装Oracle 19c；
2. 通过rman升级数据库。

   一、静默安装Oracle 19c

   1.1 安装并配置Gird组件

   创建响应文件grid.rsp，内容如下：

   oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
   INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
   oracle.install.option=HA_CONFIG
   ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
   oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba
   oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper
   oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin
   oracle.install.crs.config.scanType=LOCAL_SCAN
   oracle.install.crs.config.SCANClientDataFile=
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=db-cluster-scan
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521
   oracle.install.crs.config.ClusterConfiguration=STANDALONE
   oracle.install.crs.config.configureAsExtendedCluster=false
   oracle.install.crs.config.memberClusterManifestFile=
   oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=db-cluster
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false
   oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=false
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsOption=
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsClientDataFile=
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsSubDomain=
   oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsVIPAddress=
   oracle.install.crs.config.sites=
   oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=
   oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=
   oracle.install.crs.configureGIMR=false
   oracle.install.asm.configureGIMRDataDG=false
   oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=
   oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskLocations=
   oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrLocations=               
   oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false
   oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcUsername=
   oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcPassword=
   oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=abcABC12
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=DATA
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=EXTERNAL
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=4
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.FailureGroups=
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disksWithFailureGroupNames=/dev/sdb,
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/sdb
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.quorumFailureGroupNames=
   oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/sd*
   oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=abcABC12
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.name=
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.redundancy=
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.AUSize=1
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.FailureGroups=
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.disksWithFailureGroupNames=
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.disks=
   oracle.install.asm.gimrDG.quorumFailureGroupNames=
   oracle.install.asm.configureAFD=true
   oracle.install.crs.configureRHPS=false
   oracle.install.crs.config.ignoreDownNodes=false               
   oracle.install.config.managementOption=NONE
   oracle.install.config.omsHost=
   oracle.install.config.omsPort=0
   oracle.install.config.emAdminUser=
   oracle.install.config.emAdminPassword=
   oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
   oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT
   oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.sudoPath=
   oracle.install.crs.rootconfig.sudoUserName=
   oracle.install.crs.config.batchinfo=
   oracle.install.crs.app.applicationAddress=
   oracle.install.crs.deleteNode.nodes=

   如果使用AFD新特性，那么在安装之前，必须更改磁盘属主为grid用户，这里使用了两块磁盘：sdb和sdc，更改属主如下：

   [root@db03 ~]# chown grid:oinstall /dev/sd{b,c}

   使用下面的命令进行安装配置：

   [grid@db03 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
   [grid@db03 grid]$ unzip /u02/software/19c/LINUX.x64_193000_grid_home.zip
   [grid@db03 grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh  -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/grid.rsp 

   响应文件里，默认只创建了一个data磁盘组，如果还需要创建其他的磁盘组，以FRA磁盘组为例，使用下面的命令：

   [grid@db03 grid]$ asmca -silent -createDiskGroup -diskGroupName FRA -diskList /dev/sdc -redundancy EXTERNAL -autoLabel -au_size 4 -sysAsmPassword abcABC12
   --更改资源ora.driver.afd的组为oinstall，默认为asmadmin。
   [grid@db03 ~]$ crsctl modify resource ora.driver.afd -attr "ACL='owner:grid:rwx,pgrp:oinstall:r-x,other::r--,user:grid:r-x' " -init
   [grid@db03 ~]$ crsctl stat res ora.driver.afd -p|head -4

   1.2 安装database组件

   创建响应文件db.rsp，内容如下:

   oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
   oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
   UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
   INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
   ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
   oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
   oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
   oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
   oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
   oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
   oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
   oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
   oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
   oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=false
   oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=DEFAULT
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=0
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=false
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
   oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
   oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
   oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

   使用下面的命令开始安装：

   [oracle@db03 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
   [oracle@db03 db_1]$ unzip /u02/software/19c/LINUX.x64_193000_db_home.zip
   [oracle@db03 db_1]$ ./runInstaller  -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/db.rsp
   [root@db03 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/root.sh

   到此，整个19c的环境搭建完毕。

   二、迁移准备工作

   注意：新旧环境的数据库实例名必须保持一致。

   2.1 创建参数文件

   使用18c的spfile创建pfile，并复制到19c的目录。

   SQL> create pfile='/tmp/initcdb.ora' from spfile;
   [oracle@db01 ~]$ scp /tmp/initcdb.ora db03:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

   2.2 拷贝密码文件

   将18c的密码参数文件复制到19c的目录。

   [oracle@db01 ~]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwcdb db03:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

   2.3 创建adump目录

   必须创建19c的adumo文件夹，否则使用pfile初次启动实例会报错。

   [oracle@db03 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb/adump

   2.4 备份18c数据库

   [oracle@db01 ~]$ rman target /
   run {
   allocate channel c1 device type disk;
   backup database format '/u02/orabak/rhndb_%U';
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
   backup format '/u02/orabak/%d_arch_%s_%p_%h' archivelog all delete all input;
   backup format '/u02/orabak/controlfile_%d_%s_%p' current controlfile;
   release channel c1;
   }

   备份后的文件名如下图所示:
   

   三、正式迁移过程

   整个过程就是一个异机恢复过程。只不过在恢复完成后，要以upgrade方式打开数据库，完成后续升级操作。

   3.1 恢复控制文件

[oracle@db03 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun May 5 15:47:32 2019
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> set dbid 2122265785

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> startup nomount;

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    4294965360 bytes

Fixed Size                     9144432 bytes
Variable Size                771751936 bytes
Database Buffers            3506438144 bytes
Redo Buffers                   7630848 bytes

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u02/orabak/controlfile_CDB_19_1';

Starting restore at 05-MAY-2019 15:48:12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=773 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
output file name=+DATA/CDB/CONTROLFILE/current.257.1007480897
output file name=+FRA/CDB/CONTROLFILE/current.256.1007480897
Finished restore at 05-MAY-2019 15:48:19

RMAN> alter database mount;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Statement processed

3.2 创建spfile并注册资源

RMAN> create spfile='+data/cdb/spfilecdb.ora' from pfile;

Statement processed
[oracle@db03 ~]$ srvctl add database -db cdb -oraclehome /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1 -pwfile $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwcdb -spfile '+DATA/CDB/spfilecdb.ora' -dbname cdb -diskgroup data,fra 
[oracle@db03 ~]$ echo 'SPFILE='+DATA/CDB/spfilecdb.ora'' >$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcdb.ora

3.3 恢复整个数据库

--在rman中运行如下命令进行全库恢复
run {
 allocate channel c1 device type disk;
 restore database;
 recover database;
 release channel c1;
 }

恢复完成后，以upgrade方式打开数据库并向temp表空间添加数据文件：

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs upgrade;
RMAN> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '+data' size 50M autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;

3.4 执行dbupgrade进行升级操作

[oracle@db03 ~]$ dbupgrade -u sys

Argument list for [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catctl.pl]
For Oracle internal use only A = 0
Run in                       c = 0
Do not run in                C = 0
Input Directory              d = 0
Echo OFF                     e = 1
Simulate                     E = 0
Forced cleanup               F = 0
Log Id                       i = 0
Child Process                I = 0
Log Dir                      l = 0
Priority List Name           L = 0
Upgrade Mode active          M = 0
SQL Process Count            n = 0
SQL PDB Process Count        N = 0
Open Mode Normal             o = 0
Start Phase                  p = 0
End Phase                    P = 0
Reverse Order                r = 0
AutoUpgrade Resume           R = 0
Script                       s = 0
Serial Run                   S = 0
RO User Tablespaces          T = 0
Display Phases               y = 0
Debug catcon.pm              z = 0
Debug catctl.pl              Z = 0

catctl.pl VERSION: [19.0.0.0.0]
           STATUS: [Production]
            BUILD: [RDBMS_19.3.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_190417]

/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/orahome = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1]
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin/orabasehome = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1]
catctlGetOraBaseLogDir = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1]

Analyzing file /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

Log file directory = [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915]

catcon::set_log_file_base_path: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915/catupgrd_catcon_44738.lst]

catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915/catupgrd*.log] files for output generated by scripts

catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/tmp/cfgtoollogs/upgrade20190505160915/catupgrd_*.lst] files for spool files, if any

Enter Password: 

Number of Cpus        = 4
Database Name         = cdb
DataBase Version      = 18.0.0.0.0
catcon::set_log_file_base_path: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot_catcon_44738.lst]

catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot*.log] files for output generated by scripts

catcon::set_log_file_base_path: catcon: See [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot_*.lst] files for spool files, if any

Log file directory = [/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957]

Parallel SQL Process Count (PDB)      = 2
Parallel SQL Process Count (CDB$ROOT) = 4
Concurrent PDB Upgrades               = 2
Generated PDB Inclusion:[PDB$SEED RHNDB SPWDB]
Components in [CDB$ROOT]
    Installed [APS CATALOG CATJAVA CATPROC CONTEXT DV JAVAVM OLS ORDIM OWM SDO XDB XML XOQ]
Not Installed [APEX EM MGW ODM RAC WK]
......
Grand Total Time: 2468s [SPWDB]

 LOG FILES: (/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdspwdb*.log)

Upgrade Summary Report Located in:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/upg_summary.log

     Time: 1992s For CDB$ROOT
     Time: 4505s For PDB(s)

Grand Total Time: 6497s 

 LOG FILES: (/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/catupgrdcdbroot*.log)

Upgrade Summary Report Located in:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/cdb/upgrade20190505160957/upg_summary.log

Grand Total Upgrade Time:    [0d:1h:48m:17s]

如果源库中存在多个pdb，那么这个升级过程会比较耗时。
接着运行以下两个脚本：

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup upgrade
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

升级完成后，可以验证所有的组件以升级到19.0.0.0版本,如下图所示：

col comp_name for a40
set wrap off
set pagesize 999
select comp_name,version, status from dba_registry;