DICOM入门(三)——解析DCM文件

talk is cheap show me the code —— Linus Torvalds

本章将结合开源项目IMBRA讲解如何解析一个DCM文件

dcm文件结构.jpg

文件开头会有128字节的导言，这部分数据没有内容。接着是4字节DICOM文件标识，存储这"DICM"。然后紧接着就是dicom数据数据元素了

打开一个DCM文件.jpg

    try
    {
        pStream->read(oldDicomSignature, 8);
    }
    catch(StreamEOFError&)
    {
        IMEBRA_THROW(CodecWrongFormatError, "detected a wrong format");
    }

    // Skip the first 128 bytes (8 already skipped)
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    pStream->seekForward(120);

    // Read the DICOM signature (DICM)
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    std::uint8_t dicomSignature[4];
    pStream->read(dicomSignature, 4);

    // Check the DICM signature
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    const char* checkSignature="DICM";
    if(::memcmp(dicomSignature, checkSignature, 4) != 0)
    {
        bFailed=true;
    }

旧版本的DCM文件会在开头8个字节验证签名，在读完128字节后，读取4个字节验证DICOM标识。

        pStream->read((std::uint8_t*)&tagId, sizeof(tagId));
        //将转化成大端格式 或者小端格式
        pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagId, sizeof(tagId), endianType);
        (*pReadSubItemLength) += (std::uint32_t)sizeof(tagId);

        // Check for EOF
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        if(pStream->endReached())
        {
            break;
        }

        // Check the byte order
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        if(bFirstTag && tagId==0x0200)
        {
            // Reverse the last adjust
            pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagId, sizeof(tagId), endianType);

            // Fix the byte adjustment
            endianType=streamController::highByteEndian;

            // Redo the byte adjustment
            pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagId, sizeof(tagId), endianType);
        }

接下来开始读取数据元素了，现读取两个字节的tagId，并且验证大小端。

        if(tagId!=0x0002 && bCheckTransferSyntax)
        {
            // Reverse the last adjust
            pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagId, sizeof(tagId), endianType);

            std::string transferSyntax = pDataSet->getString(
                        0x0002,
                        0x0,
                        0x0010,
                        0,
                        0,
                        endianType == streamController::lowByteEndian ? "1.2.840.10008.1.2.1" : "1.2.840.10008.1.2.2");

            if(transferSyntax == "1.2.840.10008.1.2.2")
                endianType = streamController::highByteEndian;
            if(transferSyntax == "1.2.840.10008.1.2")
                bExplicitDataType=false;

            bCheckTransferSyntax=false;

            // Redo the byte adjustment
            pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagId, sizeof(tagId), endianType);
        }

dicom的数据元素的tagId是从大到小的读取的,而最小的tagId就是从0x0002，当tagId不是0x0002说明已经读取完所以关于0x0002的tagId。从中找出(0002,0010)的tag，这个tag设置当前数据是否大端格式，显示VR编码还是隐式VR编码。"1.2.840.10008.1.2.2"表示大端格式，1.2.840.10008.1.2表示隐式编码。

隐式编码.jpeg

隐式编码实例.jpeg

显式编码(用于 OB、OW、OF、SQ、UT、UN).jpeg

显式编码实例.jpeg

显式编码(用于 OB、OW、OF、SQ、UT、UN).jpeg

显式编码实例.jpeg

        if(bExplicitDataType && tagId!=0xfffe)
        {
            // Get the tag's type
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            std::string tagTypeString((size_t)2, ' ');

            pStream->read((std::uint8_t*)&(tagTypeString[0]), 2);
            (*pReadSubItemLength) += 2;

            // Get the tag's length
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            pStream->read((std::uint8_t*)&tagLengthWord, sizeof(tagLengthWord));
            pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagLengthWord, sizeof(tagLengthWord), endianType);
            (*pReadSubItemLength) += (std::uint32_t)sizeof(tagLengthWord);

            // The data type is valid
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            try
            {
                tagType = dicomDictionary::getDicomDictionary()->stringDataTypeToEnum(tagTypeString);
                tagLengthDWord=(std::uint32_t)tagLengthWord;
                wordSize = dicomDictionary::getDicomDictionary()->getWordSize(tagType);
                if(dicomDictionary::getDicomDictionary()->getLongLength(tagType))
                {
                    pStream->read((std::uint8_t*)&tagLengthDWord, sizeof(tagLengthDWord));
                    pStream->adjustEndian((std::uint8_t*)&tagLengthDWord, sizeof(tagLengthDWord), endianType);
                    (*pReadSubItemLength) += (std::uint32_t)sizeof(tagLengthDWord);
                }
            }
            catch(const DictionaryUnknownDataTypeError&)
            {
                // The data type is not valid. Switch to implicit data type
                ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                bExplicitDataType = false;
                if(endianType == streamController::lowByteEndian)
                    tagLengthDWord=(((std::uint32_t)tagLengthWord)<<16) | ((std::uint32_t)tagTypeString[0]) | (((std::uint32_t)tagTypeString[1])<<8);
                else
                    tagLengthDWord=(std::uint32_t)tagLengthWord | (((std::uint32_t)tagTypeString[0])<<24) | (((std::uint32_t)tagTypeString[1])<<16);
            }


        } // End of the explicit data type read block

显示编码解析 取先获取VR 再获取长度 最后获取值

if((!bExplicitDataType || tagId==0xfffe))
        {
            // Group length. Data type is always UL
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            if(tagSubId == 0)
            {
                tagType = tagVR_t::UL;
            }
            else
            {
                try
                {
                    tagType = dicomDictionary::getDicomDictionary()->getTagType(tagId, tagSubId);
                }
                catch(const DictionaryUnknownTagError&)
                {
                    tagType = tagVR_t::UN;
                }
                wordSize = dicomDictionary::getDicomDictionary()->getWordSize(tagType);
            }
        }

隐式编码解析