监控服务器性能的：
https://www.cnblogs.com/zy-plan/p/8617202.html
系统信息:
uname -a
more /etc/*release
CPU:
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
cat /proc/cpuinfo
getconf LONG_BIT
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
系统环境：
env
uptime
内存：
cat /proc/meminfo
free -m
硬盘：
df -h
du -sh /root
fdisk -l
swapon -s
网卡:
ethtool ens192
route -n
lsof -i:22
进程:
ps -ef
ps -aux
top
cat /proc/loadavg
除了前3个数字表示平均进程数量外，后面的1个分数，分母表示系统进程总数，分子表示正在运行的进程数；
最后一个数字表示最近运行的进程ID
用户:
w
id root
查看用户登录日志:
last
查看系统所有用户:
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
查看那个进程占用了xxx端口
lsof -i:xxx
查看进程号为xxx的进程在哪里
ps -ef|grep xxx
ps -aux
然后用kill杀掉
kill 3268
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep peidalinux)
同步时间：
vi /etc/crontab
0 */60 * * * root hwclock --hctosys
0 */2 * * * root ntpdate us.pool.ntp.org;hwclock -w
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
DNS:
CentOS配置DNS：
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
DNS1=202.96.209.5
重启网卡，然后在 /etc/resolv.conf就有了
DNS 解析：
vi /etc/host.conf
order hosts,bind
multi on
vi /etc/hosts
1.1.1.1 gate.devin.com gate
vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 202.96.20.5
search localdomain
重新启动service的另外方法：
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
对于 ubuntu dns 的18.04后：
https://blog.csdn.net/orDream/article/details/89021118
dns-nameservers 202.38.64.1
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
VSFTPD：
yum install vsftpd
---
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
groupadd test
mkdir /tmp/test
useradd -G test –d /tmp/test –M usr1
passwd usr1
--
chmod 777 /tmp/
service vsftpd start
setenforce 0
service iptables stop
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
./config 在配置时出现错误，是可以再解决问题后在重新配置的
编辑文件的方法：
nano /var/www/html/info.php
vi /var/www/html/info.php
rm -rf /var/spool/mail/用户名
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
系统安装前准备：
# more /var/log/messages //检查有无系统级错误信息，没有系统error
# dmesg //检查硬件设备是否有错误信息，没看到error
# ifconfig //检查网卡设置是否正确，有ip即可
# ntsysv //关闭不需要的服务，<空格>选择，设置完成后重启系统
# crontab –e
加入：
*/5 1 * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
linux rpm 查找：
http://www.filewatcher.com/m/rrdtool-1.2.27-3.el5.i386.rpm.475404-0.html
http://rpm.pbone.net/
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
yum独立源的建立已经查找：
http://zhumeng8337797.blog.163.com/blog/static/100768914201182785336268/
搜索关键字： vi /etc/yum.repos.d/Dag.repo###定义第三方源
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
设置时间time clock:
http://www.t086.com/article/4386
修改/etc/sysconfig/clock文件的内容为：
修改/etc/sysconfig/clock文件的内容为：
ZONE=”Asia/Shanghai”
UTC=false
ARC=false
date -s "2008-08-08 12:00:00"
Under Centos 7:
reference BY:
https://blog.csdn.net/zeroking_vip/article/details/85317831
yum -y install ntp ntpdate
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
hwclock --systohc
hwclock -w
**************************
复制命令
Copy 命令
cp –ar test/ newtest
但是在cp时没有进度条 非常麻烦，可以利用gcp的方法：
https://linux.cn/thread/11868/1/1/
gcp -rv ./ ./
装gcp的命令的方法：
https://www.cnblogs.com/dakewei/p/7500503.html
sudo apt-get install gcp -y
yum -y install gcp
***********************
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
查找命令：
updatedb
find / -name snmp
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
快速启动命令：
service nagios restart && service httpd restart && service snmpd restart
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
linux常用rpm zip包下载：
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://mirrors.163.com/
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
查询OS：
cat /etc/issue
uname -a
日志信息:
/var/log
/etc/syslog.conf
查询设备信息：
dmesg
lspci
dmesg
设备模块信息：
modinfo bnx2
lsmod | grep bonding
http://www.cnblogs.com/mydomain/archive/2013/04/16/3023323.html
在centos 6.3中没有了modprobe.conf 和 modules.conf文件取代的是在/etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf
echo 0 > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode
rpm包安装卸载：
rpm -ivh lifekeeper
rpm -e lifekeeper
安装软件后，有对应的模块可以查看：
lsmod | grep lifekeeper
卸载模块和对应的依存模块：
rmmod bnx2
rmmod bnx2x
从新加载模块：
insmod bnx2
有些是：modprobe bnx2x
具体的案例：
http://www.cnblogs.com/mydomain/archive/2013/04/16/3023323.html
modprobe -r vmxnet (去除模块)
modprobe mybridge
service network restart
查看软件安装的目录：
rpm -ql lifekeeper
fcitx 安装到 /opt/fcitx
查看安装软件注册的服务：
chkconfig --list | grep lifekeeper | more
ps -aux | grep lifekeeper
Service NetworkManager stop
Chkconfig NetowrkManager off
chkconfig --level 235 httpd on
查看软件对应的模块：
lsmod | gerep lifekeeper
查询设备比如网卡的状态：
mii-tool eth0
安装桌面环境：
yum groupinstall -y "Desktop" "Desktop Platform" "Desktop Platform Development" "Fonts" "General Purpose Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools" "Graphics Creation Tools" "Input Methods" "X Window System" "Chinese Support [zh]" "Internet Browser"
网卡通过DHCP获取IP：
dhclient eth0
升级系统：
yum -y upgrade
yum卸载命令：
yum -y remove sendmail
yum search php-
查看进程是否存在：
ps -ef | grep LifeKeeper
netstat -ano | grep 5901
netstat -apn | grep tcp
格式化硬盘：
首先是我们的能查看到这个硬盘通过fdisk -l 命令 和 df -h
df -hl
然后通过mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
最后挂在 mount -t ext3 /data
分区命令：
fdisk /dev/hdb
查看当前文件夹大小
du -sh
du -h
Liunx中启动脚本放置：
vi /etc/fstab
vi /etc/fc.local
vi /etc/inittab
echo '/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd_ctl start &' >>/etc/rc.local
创建快键方式
#ln -s /etc/init.d/zabbix_server_ctl /usr/bin/zabbix_server_ctl
启动Server和Agentd(可以通过start stop restart操作)
#zabbix_agentd_ctl start
#zabbix_server_ctl start
查询CentOs的版本：
lsb_release -a
uanme -a
cat /etc/issue
lsb_release -a
system-config-network
进程检查：
ps -ef | grep
lsof -i | grep rpc
查询网卡速率：
ethtool eth0
Configure是一个可执行脚本，它有很多选项，在待安装的源码路径下使用命令./configure –help输出详细的选项列表。
其中--prefix选项是配置安装的路径，如果不配置该选项，安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share，比较凌乱
修改hostname：
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
init 6
Centos 7 以后：
hostnamectl set-hostname centos7
Host 连接：
vi /etc/hosts.allow
SQL service：
service mysqld start
shell> mysqladmin -u root password "newpwd"
mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码
解压命令：
tar -jxvf msmtp-1.4.31.tar.bz2
关闭selinux：
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config（也有人说是/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件，其实两个之间是链接关系，随便改其中一个，另一个也改了）
SELINUX=disable 禁用SeLinux
SELINUX=enforcing 启用SeLinux
将用户加入组：
useradd -g lingdao lingdao
linux下的service的目录：
cd /etc/init.d/
zabbix 删除客户端的服务：
zabbix_agentd.exe -d
配置Linux LAMP环境：
https://www.howtoforge.com/installing-apache2-with-php5-and-mysql-support-on-centos-6.2-lamp
https://www.howtoforge.com/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7_lamp
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-apache-mysql-php-lamp-stack-on-centos-7
查询服务的状态：
lostat :10051
##################################
CentOS 自动更新服务
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/455a99504c9588a166277897.html
yum update -y
yum install yum-cron -y
vi /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf
update_cmd = security
update_messages = yes
download_updates = yes
apply_updates = yes
systemctl start yum-cron
systemctl enable yum-cron
##############################
logging message:
journalctl -u ssh.service
#################################
to debug:
/usr/sbin/sshd -d
######2019-11-22 SMB Mount ####
挂载windows 或是 QNAP NAS上的share folder:
可以参考： https://blog.csdn.net/u012561510/article/details/77204180
但是正确的方式：
mount -t cifs -o vers=2.0,user=cindyxiao,password=XXXXX //172.30.142.19/ /mnt/smb/
以前没有成功的原因去查看了对应的日志：
tail -100 /var/log/message
CIFS VFS: Dialect not supported by server. Consider specifying vers=1.0 or vers=2.0 on mount for accessing older servers
所以添加上 vers=2.0 就可以了，意思是默认centos去挂载时用的smb2.1以上的版本，但是 NAS上确实用的2.0，版本不统一造成错误。
smbclient -L //172.30.142.19 -U cindyzhang
##########################
https://www.cnblogs.com/yunweis/p/8021584.html
fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sdb
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkdir /data
mount /dev/sdb1 /data
echo "/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
df -h
查看
############### Centos Apache PHP Mysql or mariadb ##########
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 17034.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 178 M RSS (521 MB VSZ)
Started: Tue Mar 31 10:13:25 2020 - 55:00 ago
State : Sleeping, pid: 17034
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 178 M RSS (521 MB VSZ)
Started: Tue Mar 31 10:13:25 2020 - 55:02 ago
State : Sleeping, pid: 17034
kill -s 9 17034
ps aux | grep yum
rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
%%%%% Https Apache Parts: %%%%%%
PHP Apahce Mysql centos 7:
https://blog.csdn.net/baibaigao/article/details/89406201
yum -y install httpd
systemctl start httpd
systemctl stop firewalld
touch /var/www/html/index.html
vim /var/www/html/index.html
systemctl restart httpd
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PHP Parts: %%%%%%%%%%
yum -y install php
mv index.html index.php
php phpinfo();
?>
systemctl restart httpd
%%%%%%%%%%%%% Mysql Parts: %%%%%%%%%
yum list installed | grep mysql
yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
yum -y localinstall mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server
systemctl start mysql
systemctl status mysql
mysql
use mysql;
update user set host ='%' where user ='root';
update user set password=password('Cctv1234') where user='root' and host=‘*’;
flush privileges;
hostnamectl set-hostname webtest86
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl disable firewalld